Emulsion manufacture

The test procedures described above (see Basic Protocols 1 and 2) have recently been simplified by utilizing advanced techniques such as ultrasonic and infrared spectroscopy. The purchase of one of these advanced analytical instruments is recommended for emulsion manufacturers that frequently conduct emulsion stability tests and require automated analysis of a large number of samples. 

The goal of food emulsion manufacturers is to produce emulsions that meet or exceed the expectations of their clientele. As a first step, companies typically conduct market studies to determine what these expectations are. Sensory evaluations are then used to translate these expectations into product-specific criteria (e.g., emulsion color, texture, appearance) that serve as guidelines to design the emulsification process and verify the quality of the produced emulsion. If emulsion properties comply with the set standards (i.e., their values are within an acceptable range), manufacturers can be confident that their customer base will be satisfied with the product. 

This example demonstrates that storage stability tests are extremely useful as they allow emulsion manufacturers to accurately follow even small changes in emulsion properties. Plots of droplet size distribution and concentration as a function of time can be used to determine the kinetics of the instability process and to determine the shelf life of the product by setting upper and lower limits for both mean droplet size and concentration at each port. 

Sherman, P. 1955b. Rheological aspects of water-in-oil emulsions. Manufacturing Chemist. July, 306-310. 

Due to the important amount of insoluble residues left on piping and transfer lines after emulsion manufacturing, such as topical creams and ointments, equipment cleaning becomes difficult to address. To avoid cross-contamination, some manufacturers have decided to dedicate lines and hoses to specific products. 

Another parameter that influences the overall properties of the bulk emulsion is the physical state of the lipid droplets in an emulsion (17, 19, 28-31). Crystallization of lipid droplets in emulsions can be either beneficial or detrimental to product quality. Margarine and butter, the most common water-in-oil emulsions in the food industry, are prepared by a controlled destabilization of oil-in-water emulsions containing partly crystalline droplets. The stability of dairy cream to mechanical agitation and temperature cycling depends on the nature and extent of crystallization in milk-fat globules. It should be noted that because the density of the phases can change as crystallization occurs, the rate at which milkfat droplets cream can be altered as droplets solidify. Emulsion manufacturers should therefore understand which factors influence the crystallization and melting of emulsified substances, and be aware of the effect that droplet phase transitions can have on the properties of emulsions. 

Use Base for ointments, cerates and emulsions, manufacture of candles, soaps, etc. 

Use Photographic emulsions, manufacture of rayon. A solution of 80% zinc bromide is used as a radiation viewing shield. 

EINECS 231-718-4 HSDB 1047 Zinc bromide Zinc bromide (ZnBrzj Zinc dibromide. Used in photographic emulsions, manufacture of rayon, radiation viewing shields. Crystals mp = 394° bp = 697° d = 4.22 soluble in H2O, organic solvents. Atomergic Chemetals Cerac Ethyl Corp. Great Lakes Fine Chem. Hoechst Celanese Ryvan Ltd. 

Cohen-Sela, E. Teitlhoim, S. Chorny, M. Koroukhov, N. Danenherg, H.D. Gao, J. Golomb, G. Single and double emulsion manufacturing techniques of an amphiphilic drug in PLGA nanoparticles Formulations of mithramycin and bioactivity. J. Pharm. Sci. 2009, 98 (4), 1452-1462. 

The S9 specifications on flue gas are probably easier to satisfy with an emulsion fuel than with coal, and do not depend significantly upon the surfactant formulation and emulsion manufacturing. The cooler flame results in less CO and NOjj in the flue gas, while the SO2 is removed as in coal-fired plants. In most cases, emulsified fuels create much less ash than eoal does. 

Figure 20 Pipeline transportation of Orimulsion from Morichal field and emulsion manufacturing plants to the seaport embarking facility. (From Refs 11 and 63.)...

Isothiazolinone BIT is widely used in industry as a preservative in water-based solutions, such as pastes, paints and cutting oils. It exists at different concentrations in the different Proxel AB, GXL, CRL, XL2, XL, HL, TN, and in Mergal K-10. BIT is an irritant and also a skin sensitizer. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis has been reported mainly related to the use of cutting oils and greases in paint manufacturers, pottery mouldmakers, acrylic emulsion manufacturers, plumbers, printers and lithoprinters, paper makers, an analytical laboratory, a rubber factory, and in employees manufacturing air fresheners. 

Emulsion manufacture Crossflow membrane emulsification (Exeter University/Unilever)... 

Typical Formulations for Emulsions Manufactured by the Flavor Industry... 

In that quest, several variations to the standard method of emulsion manufacture have been introduced, in order to improve aspects of film formation, e.g. 

The first-generation oxygen carriers Fluosol-DA and Fluosol 43 are fluorochemical emulsions manufactured by the Green Cross Corporation in Japan. Ftorosan has been made in the Soviet Union (replaced by Perftoran), and Emulsion No. 2 in China. 

AEMA Recommended Performance Guidelines, 2nd edn. Asphalt Emulsion Manufactures Association, Annapolis, Maryland. 

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