Employment in the Chemical Industry

Liquids. Liquids usually are moved through pipelines (qv) by pumps. Special alloys, plastic pipe and liners, glass, and ceramics are widely employed in the chemical industry for transport of corrosive hquids. Care is required in making the connections, to prevent exposure of unprotected metal such as flanges and bolts to the corrosive material inside the piping. 

Allyl alcohol isomerization is typically conducted as a single-phase reaction, needing efforts for separation of the catalyst [110, 113], One driver was to exploit a catalyzed liquid/liquid route with aqueous (catalytic) and organic phases as commonly employed in the chemical industry. 

The FAR figures show that if 1000 workers begin employment in the chemical industry,... 

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2008), about 54 percent of those employed in the chemical industry work in production and in installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. Another 12 percent work in professional and related occupations. Approximately 9 percent work in management, business, and financial occupations and in office and administrative support occupations, and another 9 percent work in transporting and material-moving occupations. 

Many African American scientists regard Julian s appointment at Glidden as the watershed for the employment of Aftican Americans outside of science departments at historically black colleges and universities. According to physicist Branson (1955), Julian was the most successful African American employed in the chemical industry, and the most prolific African American producer of scholarly scientific papers. 

Table 1.7 shows the total employment of all workers, technical and nontechnical, by the chemical industry as well as by all manufacturing. Note that about 18.4 million workers are in all manufacturing, about 1.0 million in Chemicals and Allied Products. Employment in the chemical industry is relatively constant. This is to be contrasted to other major industries— construction and automobiles, for example— where employment can be down during a recession. Overall the chemical industry is in good shape. It is believed that about 160,000 chemists and 120,000 chemical engineers are employed in the U.S. The American Chemical Society alone has over 160,000 members currently. Unemployment of chemists is low, and in March 2001 it was 1.5%. It is always much lower than the nationwide unemployment. 

Another option that the student should consider is completing an internship as part of the undergraduate program or summer employment in the chemical industry. Some colleges require an internship as part of their programs. There are many advantages to... 

Khachatryan (1972a,b) reported on patients with skin and lung cancer who attended an oncology department in an industrial area of Armenia with a high prevalence of workers employed in the chemical industry. These included 18 cases of lung cancer and 21 of skin cancer among workers with high exposure to chloroprene. 

How large is the job market for chemists in the United States The National Science Foundation (NSF) has compiled data on the number of chemists employed in the chemical industry in general and the number employed in the pharmaceutical industry specifically. The former number has ranged from 80,000 to 90,000, and the latter from 35,000 to 50,000. However, these data are difficult to analyze because the definitions and standards used by the government have changed over the years. 

Industrial scale processes involving immobilized enzymes are normally carried out in fixed-bed reactors. Hence, the desired characteristics of the catalyst support are closely akin to those for the heterogenous catalysts commonly employed in the chemical industry, namely ... 

Many occupations in this world, while profitable, make no contribution to human advancement. Employment in such occupations may be satisfactory to the unthinking, but whoever realizes that employment in the chemical industries is an opportunity to serve in a fundamental occupation, upon which all others rest, without which our country would become a backward nation, and out of which grows civilization itself, glows with justifiable pride in the fact that his life has purpose and that he is serving humanity well. He, individually, feels that he is making a contribution to the industrial and intellectual development of all people everywhere, and especially to our country, the greatest nation in the world. [Ibid., p. 283]... 

The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction is one of the oldest catalytic processes employed in the chemical industry. Recently, there is renewed interest in this reaction because of its relevance for producing pure hydrogen for use in fuel cell power systems. Another reason for the increased interest is the key role of the WGS reaction in automotive exhaust processes, since the hydrogen produced is an effective reductant for NOx removal [1]. New technologies require improvements of the WGS catalyst system, and it is desirable to prepare catalysts with high activity at relatively low temperatures and better stability than the commercial Cu/Zn0/Al203 catalyst. The catalyst properties may... 

A large number of unit operations are included under the general term of Tnechanical separation. This group is one of the most important employed in the chemical industry. The separations may be grouped into five headings as follows ... 

These industries make up an entire sector of the economy. In the United States, about 900,000 people are employed in the chemical industry, and sales totaled about 500 billion in 2004 (http //pubs.acs.ora/cen/coverstorv/83/8302wcousa.htmh. 

The new association had as its primary aim the representation of chemists in industry or in administration both legally and economically but also supported the employers in the chemical industry in their dealings with the authorities. A further aim was for an improvement of chemical education in order to keep the industry competitive. 

If 50 000 people are employed in the chemical industries there will be an average of ... 

ACS, 1977b. American Chemical Society, Office of Manpower Studies. Professionals in Chemistry 1976. A Comprehensive Report on Characteristics, Remuneration, Employers, Minority Chemists, Employment in the Chemical Industry, Chemistry Postdoctoral Fellows, Supply/Demand. Washington, D.C. American Chemical Society. 

This review is a survey of the applications and properties of supported liquid phase catalysts (SLP). By a supported liquid phase catalyst is meant the distribution of a catalytically active liquid on an inert porous support and the behaviour of such systems raises many interesting questions on catalyst chemistry, mass transfer in catalysts and reactor design. It is noteworthy thou that such systems have been employed in the chemical industry for many decades - indeed for over a century in the Deacon process for obtaining chlorine from hydrogen chloride - and of almost equally respectable antiquity are the vanadium based catalyst systems used for sulfuric acid manufacture but the recognition of SLP catalysts as possessing features of their own is much more recent. 

---