Federal Employment

Bigelow, 1908, surveys the variety of chemical positions in the federal government at the turn of the century. On chemistry at the Bureau of Standards during this period, see III, Hillebrand, 1910 III, Weber, 1925, 43, 45 and III, Cochrane, 1966, 81 -82. Harvey Wiley s role in the fight for pure food, and the regulatory activities of the Bureau of Chemistry after 1906, are treated in III, Weber, 1928, 59-84 and III, Anderson, 1958, Chapters 7-12. On chemical work at the Bureau of Mines, see III, Clement, 1911 and III, Powell, 1922,16-29,45-50. 

On the development of regional agricultural research centers in the 1930s and on the reorientation of Department of Agriculture activities, see III, Harding, 1947, 37-39, 53-57 III, Jackson, 1970 and III, Pursell, 1968. See III, O Rourke, 1940,184, for the number of chemists involved in the transfer of the Food and Drug Administration. 

For an overview of postwar federal scientific activity, see III, Mansfield, 1968 III, NSB, 1976, 9-19 and III, NSB, 1978, esp. 323-366. Alvin Weinberg has remarked that the HEW research laboratories are an exemplar of big science (III, Weinberg, 1967,123). On research support in the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Agriculture, see III, H. Rosenberg, 1960, and III, Shaw, 1960. 

---

The competitive civil-service system is designed to give candidates fair and equal treatment and to ensure that federal applicants are hired based on objective criteria. Hiring has to be based solely on a candidate s knowledge, skills, and abilities (which you ll sometimes see abbreviated as ksa), and not on external factors such as race, religion, sex, and so on. Whereas employers in the private sector can hire employees for subjective reasons, federal employers must be able to justify their decision with objective evidence that the candidate is qualified. 

Krislov, S. (1967). The Negro in federal employment The quest for equal opportunity. Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press. 

Unemployment insurance benefit (UB, Arbeitslosengeld) provided earnings-related income replacement for a limited duration of up to 32 months if unemployed had been in employment covered by social insurance for at least 12 months. Unemployment insurance benefits were funded through employer and employee contributions and administered by the Federal Employment Agency, which was also in charge of implementing active labour market policies. 

The Federal Employment Agency (Bundesagentur fur Arbeit) as the unemployment insurance agency is responsible for UB I payment as well as for the implementation of active labour market policy laid down in the Third Book of the Social Code SGB III. The BA is a corporation under public law ( 367(1) SGB III). 

Federal employment agency job centres for the short-term unemployed... 

The local PES offices are foremost responsible for the unemployment insurance benefit (UB I) recipients. Within this regime the Federal Employment Service (BA)... 

Substance abuse is considered a handicap. Therefore, the healthcare provider who is employed by a healthcare facility may be protected by state and federal employment discrimination laws such as the Rehabilitation Act (29USC, Section 706). This Act requires employers to continue employment of a substance abuser as long as the employee can perform their job function and is not a threat to safety or property. This means that the healthcare provider s responsibility might be temporarily reassigned until treatment is completed. 

Some 121 firms completed the survey forms, for a sample response rate of 53 percent. The survey consists of 11 sections, covering the general safety record of the company, company and employee characteristics, management culture, human resource practices, safety practices, and safety consultation programs provided by the Minnesota Occupational Safety and Health Administration (MNOSHA) consultation unit. Table 2.1 summarizes the question items included in the 22-page survey. These 121 firms have matched with about 5,125 workers compensation indemnity claims for the years 1990 through 1998— that is, the claims were filed by workers of those 121 firms. Federal employer identification numbers were only available for about 10 percent of fire sample and have proven to be unreliable for matching. Hence, we used the name of... 

The Federal Employment Compensation Act provides workers compensation for nonmilitary, federal employees. Many of its provisions remain typical of most workers compensation laws. Many times awards remain limited to disability or death sustained while in the performance of the employee s duties. The act covers medical expenses due to the disability and may require... 

Cooper, S. (2002). The Inquest Experience. Accident Prevention (Canada), March/April, p. 27. Delpo, A. and Guerin, L. (2002). Federal Employment Laws - A Desk Reference. Berkeley, CA Nolo Press. 

Training for federally employed engineers who take on speaking and mentoring assignments with students and educators should include exposure to the CTC materials. 

Prior to 1970 most governmental actions were supportive of informational or liability responses to market failure. The Carmack Amendment of 1906 made railroad strictly liable for loss and damage to freight. The Federal Employers Liability Act of 1908 established liability for occupational injuries. The Accident Reports Act of 1910 required railroads to provide information on accidents. The same act allowed the ICC to investigate railroad accidents. These powers were transferred to the NTSB in 1974. Signal failures have had to be reported to the government since the Signal Inspection Act of 1920. 

Supportive of other policy responses Carmack Amendment Federal Employers Liability Act Accident reporting (49 CFR 225) Signal failure reporting (49 CFR 233) NTSB investigations (49 CFR 840)... 

General Accounting Office. (1996). Federal Employers Liability Act Issues Associated with Changing How Railroad Work-Related Injuries are Compensated. Report GAO/RCED-96-199. Washington D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Transportation Research Board. (1994). Compensating Injured Railroad Workers Under the Federal Employers Liability Act. Special Report 241. Washington DC National Academy Press. 

Smith, 1941. Malcolm L. Smith. Occupations and Salaries in Federal Employment . Monthly Labor Review 52 66-85. 

---