Emission life cycle assessment

Adhesives and resins are one of the most important raw materials in wood-based panels. Thus, each question concerning the life cycle assessment and the recycling of bonded wood panels does bring into question the adhesive resins used. This includes, for example, the impact of the resin on various environmental aspects such as waste water and effluents, emission of noxious volatile chemicals during production and from the finished boards, or the reuse for energy generation of wood panels. The type of resin has also a crucial influence on feasibility and efficiency for several material recycling processes. 

FIGURE 16.1 Comparison of life cycle assessment and life cycle cost calculations. The result of LCA is (weighted) emissions and the present value of investment and operating costs, e.g,. in Euros. Note that in LCA calculations the present value coefficient is I, but the present value of LCC is always affected by interest rate and the length of the period. ... 

LCC calculations frequently provide energy-efficient solutions. This gives reduced energy consumption and a reduction in environmental pollution. For example, the installation of a heat recovery system in a ventilation system may reduce the energy consumption and emissions by 50 to 80%. Figure 16.1 compares life cycle cost and life cycle assessment calculations. 

Fleischer, G., Gerner, K., Kunst, H., Lichtenvort, K., Rebitzer, G. (2001) A Semi-Quantitative Method for the Impact Assessment of Emissions within a Simplified Life Cycle Assessment. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 6(3), 149-156. 

A life cycle assessment (LCA), also known as life cycle analysis, of a product or process begins with an inventory of the energy and environmental flows associated with a product from "cradle to grave" and provides information on the raw materials used from the environment, energy resources consumed, and air, water, and solid waste emissions generated. GHGs and other wastes, sinks, and emissions may then be assessed (Sheehan et ah, 1998). The net GHG emissions calculated from an LCA are usually reported per imit of product or as the carbon footprint. 

Life Cycle Assessment method - Tool for Evaluation of Greenhouse Gases Emissions from Agriculture... 

The second step and the focus of this chapter was to evaluate the emission load of individual foods from the list of most common foods. There was used the simplified Life Cycle Assessment method in which only the Climate change Impact category was assessed. Detailed description of the LCA methodology is shown in the literature review, the following text describes practical method implementation.Food emission load evaluation using the LCA method... 

Larsen FIF, Hansen MS, Hauschild M (2009) Life-cycle assessment of offset printed matter with EDIP97 - how important are emissions of chemicals J Cleaner Prod 17 115-128... 

The EPS system was initially developed to be used within the product development process as a tool to help assess the environmental performance of products. The system is based on LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) methodology and uses inventory data (kg of substance A), characterization factors (impact/kg of substance X) and weighting factors (cost/impacts) to calculate the external costs or values of a product. By multiplying the characterization factor with the weighting factor, an impact index is obtained (cost/kg of substance X) which describe the cost/values related to the emission per use of a kg of a certain substance. 

This study deals with life cycle assessment of emissions related to the use of additives in a plastic application. This means that environmental impacts are estimated for the total of emissions, not restricted to toxic effects and/or one substance (like DEHP). Furthermore emissions relate to the cradle-to-grave chain of the additive application in cushion vinyl floor covering. 

Thomas V, Caudill R, Badwe D (1998) Marginal emission and variation across models life-cycle assessment of a television. Electronics and the Environment, 1998. ISEE-1998. Proceedings of the 1998 I.E. International Symposium on... 

Analysis of the solid and liquid process waste streams clearly indicates that the MCC process offers environmental benefits compared with the chemical resolution procedure. To generate data for the cradle-to-grave emissions and impacts, a streamlined life cycle assessment of all of the processes was performed using the Fast Lifecycle Assessment for Synthetic Chemistry, FLASC . 

Low-iemperature Ti02 film fabrication based on an understanding of tne electron transpor1 will also open up the possibility for further reduction in production costs. Study of the environmental aspects of dye-sensitized solar ceds revealed that DSC is a suitaole alternative for the electric generator because of its earth-friendliness.105) Based on a Life Cycle Assessment in ISO 14040 standard, carbon dioxiae emission of the cell is estimated to be 19-47 g C02/kWh, whicn is 1/10 that of the gas power plant (450 g C02/kWh). " oxicity of Dye 3 is negligible because of its negative Ames test.106 ... 

Life-cycle assessment (LCA) consists of determining the impact on the environment of each phase of a life cycle, as material and energy intensity, emissions and toxic releases, greenhouse gases, etc. 

Greenhouse Friendly . This is a product certification programme where the company needs to demonstrate how all emissions from the production and use of the product have been offset by other greenhouse gas reduction programmes being conducted by the company. A full life cycle assessment of all greenhouse gas emissions associated with the product needs to be conducted. 

Products and processes all have a natural life cycle. For example, the life cycle of a product starts from the extraction of raw materials for its production and ends when the product is finally disposed. In the production, use and disposal of this product, energy is consumed and wastes and emissions are generated. A life-cycle assessment is an analysis in which the use of energy and materials are quantified and the potential environmental and societal impacts are predicted. Life-cycle thinking is progressively being adopted by industry as an... 

There have also been a number of LCA studies performed on industrial paint coatings. One study done by Shonnard et al.110 compared five different coating processes for wooden doors. It appears from this analysis that the UV coating process has the least risk potential, raw material consumption, emissions, and energy consumption. Papasavva etal.128 also conducted a life-cycle assessment on paints used in the automotive indus-... 

The function of life cycle assessment (LCA) is to evaluate environmental burdens of a product, process, or activity quantify resource use and emissions assess the environmental and human health impact and evaluate and... 

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