Emerging risks

In addition to the five major risks, the ATP III guidelines recognize other factors that contribute to CHD risk. These are classified as life-habit risk factors and emerging risk factors. Life-habit risk factors, consisting of obesity, physical inactivity, and an atherogenic diet, require direct intervention. For example, emerging risk factors are lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, prothrombotic/proinflammatory factors, and C-reactive protein (CRP). C-reactive protein is a marker of low-level inflammation and appears to help in... 

Cremonini F, Talley NJ. Irritable bowel syndrome epidemiology, natural history, health care seeking and emerging risk factors. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2005 34 189-204. 

Other personal risk factors such as increased body mass index are being considered as to whether they are important to asthma [45,46], Whether emerging risk factors, along with the general increase in atopic diseases from the mid-1960s to the present [47] will have an impact on development and incidence of OA remain to be determined. 

Discuss how risk management techniques can be used to manage emerging risks that may pose a threat to community pharmacy practice. 

Depending on the needs of the individual pharmacy, several different types of insurance policies may be required to provide adequate risk protection for the business. The geographic location, type of practice, and services offered will influence the types of insurance needed. The risk management process is a continuous process, and periodic evaluations are necessary to address new or emerging risk threats to the pharmacy. Emerging threats discussed later in this chapter exemplify how recent changes in health care practices (privacy issues) and technology create new and different risk threats to the pharmacy. 

OECD, Emerging Risks in the 21" Century An Agenda for Action, May 2003... 

Aiello, A.E. and Larson, E., Antibacterial cleaning and hygiene products as an emerging risk factor for antibiotic resistance in the community. Lancet Infect. Dis. 3, 501-506, 2003. 

Mainly in response to the anthrax attacks in the United States, in 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published a report entitled Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (Reynolds, 2002). The report illustrates two prerequisites for successful risk communication credibility and trust. These two elements (Figure 11) may be highly important when dealing with uncertainty in exposure and risk assessment (Sjoberg, 2001). The prerequisites for credibility are accuracy of information and speed of release the main attributes of trust are empathy and openness. 

Reynolds B, ed. (2002) Crisis and emergency risk communication. Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, October... 

I. CRISIS AND EMERGENCY RISK COMMUNICATION FEEDING THE MEDIA... 

Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication Handbook, CDC, 2006. Available at http //www.cdc.gov/communicalion/emergency/erc overview.htm... 

Crisis and emergency risk communication is the attempt by science or public health professionals to provide information that allows an individual, stakeholders, or an entire community to make the best possible decisions during a crisis emergency about their well-being. Often this communication must be done within nearly impossible time constraints and requires public acceptance of the imperfect nature of the available choices for action. Successful crisis and emergency risk communication is achieved through the skillful use of risk communication theory and techniques. 

Hopefully the risk management activities implemented will prove sufficient. Some risks may still threaten success despite risk management activities, so the strategy should be to continually keep risks under review and revise activities as necessary to deal with residual and emergent risks. It may prove necessary to invoke contingency plans or even move into crisis management mode if the risks appear to be leading the project to failure. 

HAZWOPER training for any worker who may discover a chemical emergency. Risks of hazardous materials, likely occurrence of releases, recognizing hazardous materials, emergency situations, specialists, types of hazardous materials, labels, placards, and spill reporting. 

Figure 8.1.3 The role of national reference laboratories is crucial in the appraisal of emerging risks...

RES-3 Units Greater than 125 Any further exposure will exceed the emergency risk... 

C. Emergency Risk. In this category, not more than 5 percent casualties are expected. Nuisance effects may exceed the 5 percent level. The emergency risk dose is only acceptable in rare situations, termed disaster situations. Only the commander can decide when the risk of the disaster situation outweighs the radiation emergency risk. 

Emergency risk STANAG 2083 0.5 Public, annual, infrequent NCRP... 

Chakraborty, S. (2011) The challenge of emergency risk communication Lessons learned in trust and risk communication from the volcanic ash crisis , in A. Alemanno (ed.) Governing Disasters. The Challenges of Emergency Risk Regulation. Edward Elgar Cheltenham, pp. 80-100. 

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