Radiation Emergency

In FT-Raman spectroscopy the radiation emerging from the sample contains not only the Raman scattering but also the extremely intense laser radiation used to produce it. If this were allowed to contribute to the interferogram, before Fourier transformation, the corresponding cosine wave would overwhelm those due to the Raman scattering. To avoid this, a sharp cut-off (interference) filter is inserted after the sample cell to remove 1064 nm (and lower wavelength) radiation. 

Figure 9.22 illustrates how a CARS experiment might be carried out. In order to vary (vj — V2) in Equation (9.18) one laser wavenumber, Vj, is fixed and V2 is varied. Here, Vj is frequency-doubled Nd YAG laser radiation at 532 nm, and the V2 radiation is that of a dye laser which is pumped by the same Nd YAG laser. The two laser beams are focused with a lens L into the sample cell C making a small angle 2a with each other. The collimated CARS radiation emerges at an angle 3 a to the optic axis, is spatially filtered from Vj and V2... 

Exposure is minimized by ehoiee of souree, by duration of exposure, by distanee from souree (at 1 m die radiation level is redueed almost 10-fold), and by shielding. The greater die mass per unit area of shield material die greater die shielding effieieney. Whereas a- and (3-partieles pose few problems (die former ean be absorbed by, e.g., paper and die latter by 1 em Perspex) y- and X-rays are not eompletely absorbed by shield material but attenuated exponentially sueh dial radiation emerging from die shield is given by ... 

What Is Interferometry (1.3) Interferometry deals with the physical phenomena which result from the superposition of electromagnetic (e.m.) waves. Practically, interferometry is used throughout the electromagnetic spectrum astronomers use predominantly the spectral regime from radio to the near UV. Essential to interferometry is that the radiation emerges from a single source and travels along different paths to the point where it is detected. The spatio-temporal coherence characteristics of the radiation is studied with the interferometer to obtain information about the physical nature of the source. 

Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS) provides support to the U.S. 

DOD Marine Corps Chemical Biological Incident Response Force, DOD Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, DOD Naval Medical Research Institute, HHS National Medical Response Teams, HHS Disaster Medical Assistance Teams, HHS Metropolitan Medical Strike Teams, HHS Experts from Public Health Safety agencies, DOE Radiation Emergency Assistance Center and Training Site. 

DOD Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, DOD Naval Medical Research Institute, Variety of Potential HHS Units, DOE Radiation Emergency Assistance Center and Training Site. 

IAEA, Intervention Criteria in a Nuclear or Radiation Emergency, Safety Series 109, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1994. 

NCRP, Advising the Public about Radiation Emergencies A Document for Public Comment, Commentary 10, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 1994. 

Developing Radiation Emergency Plans for Academic, Medi-... 

Advising the Public about Radiation Emergencies A Docu-... 

US Department of Health and Human Services Potassium iodide as a thyroid blocking agent in radiation emergencies. December 2001 (http //www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/index.htm). 

Dave, J.V. (1970) Intensity and polarization of the radiation emerging from a plane-parallel atmosphere containing monodispersed aerosols, Appl. Opt., 9, pp. 2673-2684. 

Collins, D.G., Blattner, W. G., Wells, M. B., and Horak, H. G. (1972) Backward Monte Carlo calculations of the polarization characteristics of the radiation emerging from spherical-shell atmospheres, Appl. Opt. 11,2684-2696. 

Sicherer SH. Risk of severe allergic reactions from the use of potassium iodide for radiation emergencies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 114(6) 1395-7. 

Coulson, K.L. Dave, J. V. Sekera, Z., "Tables Related to Radiation Emerging from a Planetary Atmosphere with Rayleigh Scattering" University of California, Berkeley, California, 1960. 

The frequency source used for the study of CO+ was a klystron operating close to 120 GHz. The microwave radiation was launched through a microwave horn onto the Teflon lens at the source end of the discharge tube. The radiation emerging from the cell was focused by the second Teflon lens into a complementary horn for transmission to a diode detector. The mounting and precision adjustment of the horns was extremely important, and the whole assembly was mounted on an optical bench. The klystron... 

Development of a mobile hardware and software complex for monitoring and expert support during elimination of radiation emergencies aimed at resolving the above tasks at sea is the deed of the near future. As a matter of fact, such complex should represent a diminished modification of stationary information-analytical crisis center and fulfill its main functions being in the immediate vicinity to the accident area. 

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