Bioreactors configurations

Figure 5.9 Design of a generalized microbial cell fermentation vessel (a) and an animal cell bioreactor (b). Animal cell bioreactors display several structural differences compared with microbial fermentation vessels. Note in particular (i) the use of a marine-type impeller (some animal cell bioreactors-air lift fermenters-are devoid of impellers and use sparging of air-gas as the only means of media agitation) (ii) the absence of baffles (iii) curved internal surfaces at the bioreactor base. These modifications aim to minimize damage to the fragile animal cells during culture. Note that various additional bioreactor configurations are also commercially available. Reprinted with permission from Proteins Biochemistry and Biotechnology (2002), J. Wiley Sons...

Range of bioreactor configurations gainfully employed in biotechnology and agri-business. 

Several different bioreactor configurations have been described for use in cell culture and fermentation applications. These include stirred tanks,... 

Several different bioreactor configurations have been described for use in cell culture and fermentation applications. These include stirred tanks, airlift, and hoUow-fiber systems. The majority of bioreactor systems in use for cell culture applications are still of the stirred-tank type. These systems have been used for batch, fed-batch, and perfusion operations. It would not be possible to adequately cover the field of stirred-tank scale-up in the space available here. Instead, this section will touch briefly on the important issues in bioreactor scale-up. For detailed methodologies on stirred-tank bioreactor scale-up, the reader is referred to several review papers on the topic [20,27,28]. 

Figure 14.1 Schematic illustration of the external membrane bioreactor configuration.

Figure 14.3 Schematic illustration of immersed membrane bioreactor configurations.

Le-Clech, P., Jefferson, B. and Judd, S.J. (2003) Impact of aeration, solids concentration and membrane characteristics on the hydraulic performance of a membrane bioreactor. Journal of Membrane Science, 218,117—129. Le-Clech, P., Jefferson, B. and Judd, S.J. (2005) Comparison of submerged and side-stream tubular membrane bioreactor configurations. Desalination, 173, 113-122. 

Fig. 1. Description of studied bioreactor configurations 1, STR 2) STR modified through addition of marbles 3, STR modified through insertion of a metal perforated cylinder 4, FBR.

Fig. 4. Two spin-filter bioreactors configured in series for the growth of embryogenic cells and the promotion of somatic embryo maturation on a large scale. The stage 1 bioreactor is for cell proliferation and operates on a continuous culture mode the stage 2 bioreactor is for somatic embryo maturation and operates in a perfusion mode...

FIG. 22-45 Membrane bioreactor configurations for wastewater treatment, (a) With sidestream module (b) with submerged module. 

FIGURE 6.24 Membrane bioreactors configurations, (a) Internal outer-skin membranes and (b) outside membrane module. 

Le-Clech P, Jefferson B, and Judd SJ. A comparison of submerged and sidestream tubular membrane bioreactor configurations. Desalination 2005 173 113-122. 

The specific release rate of LDH will be modulated by culture conditions that affect the intracellular LDH content. These include parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, medium composition and age of the culture. Although the LDH content per cell is affected by such parameters, good agreement between LDH release and cell death has been reported for a variety of bioreactor configurations and stress conditions (Marc et al, 1992 Legrand et al, 1992 Wagner et al, 1992). 

Fig. 2 Bioreactor configurations for lipolysis that employ saturated salt solutions of high water activity to maintain water saturation. (View this art in color at www.dekker.com.)...

Previous works carried out with stirred tank bioreactors reported that the damage of hairy roots by the impeller induced callus formation and consequently reduced the biomass production [65], To overcome this problem the bioreactor configuration was modified. A plastic mesh was placed forming a zigzag arrangement around the baffle in order to increase the surface where the roots could be trapped [28]. 

Liquid-Liquid Extractive Membrane Bioreactor Configurations 133... 

---