Embryo effects

Rogers JM, Taubeneck MW, Daston GP, Sulik KK, Zucker RM, Elstein KH, Jankowski MA, Keen CL (1995) Zinc deficiency causes apoptosis but not cell cycle alterations in organogenesis-stage rat embryos effect of varying duration of deficiency. Teratology, 52(3) 149-159. 

Wetherill G. W. and Stewart G. R. (1993) Formation of planetary embryos effects of fragmentation, low relative velocity, and independent variation of eccentricity and inclination. Icarus 106, 190—209. 

Wassarman, P.M. and Mrozak, S.C. (1981). Program of early development in the mammal Synthesis and intracellular localization of histone H4 during oogenesis in the mouse. Dev. Biol. S4 364-371. Wiekowski, M., Miranda, M., and DePamphilis, M.L. (1991). Regulation of gene expression in preimplantation mouse embryos Effects of zygotic gene expression and the first mitosis on promoter and enhancer activities. Dev. Biol. 147 403-414. 

Svoboda P, Stein P, Schultz R M (2001). RNAi in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos Effectiveness of hairpin dsRNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 287(5) 1099-1104. 

Attree, S.M., Moore, D., Sawhney, V.K. Fowke, L.C. (1991). Enhanced maturation and desiccation tolerance of white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss] somatic embryos Effects of a non-plasmolysing water stress and abscisic acid. Annals of Botany, 68 519-525... 

De Bemardi, F., C. Sotgia, and G. Ortolani. 1994. Retinoic Acid Treatment of Ascidian Embryos Effects on Larvae and Metamorphosis. Anim Dev 3 75-81. 

Other toxicological effects that may be associated with exposure to benzyl chloride based on animal studies are skin sensitization and developmental embryo and/or fetal toxicity. A 1980 OSHA regulation has estabhshed a national occupational exposure limit for benzyl chloride of 5 mg/m (1 ppm). Concentrations of 160 mg/m (32 ppm) in air cause severe irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract (68). 

Reproductive Toxicity. No data are available that impHcate either hexavalent or trivalent chromium compounds as reproductive toxins, unless exposure is by way of injection. The observed teratogenic effects of sodium dichromate(VI), chromic acid, and chromium (HI) chloride, adininistered by injection, as measured by dose-response relationships are close to the amount that would be lethal to the embryo, a common trait of many compounds (111). Reported teratogenic studies on hamsters (117,118), the mouse (119—121), and rabbits (122) have shown increased incidence of cleft palate, no effect, and testicular degeneration, respectively. Although the exposures for these experiments were provided by injections, in the final study (122) oral, inhalation, and dermal routes were also tried, and no testicular degeneration was found by these paths. 

In five pilot plants that can be used to simulate the route of anionic surfactants from the consumer via the effluent purification plant to the receiving water, possible toxic effects of residual surfactant content and breakdown products of the secondary alkanesulfonates were investigated [102]. As indicators of the effects on living organisms of the effluent in the receiving water, flora and fauna that are frequently encountered in the p-mesosaprobic zone were used as models. The embryo-larval test was also employed as an additional method for the detection of toxic compounds in the water. 

Kelley, P.M. Schlesinger, M.J. (1978). The effect of amino acid analogues and heat shock gene expression in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Cell 15, 1277-1286. 

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