Gene expression heat shock

Zafarullah, M., J. Wisniewski, N.W. Shworak, S. Schieman, S. Misra and L. Gedamu. Molecular cloning and characterization of a constitutively expressed heat-shock-cognate hsc71 gene from rainbow trout. Eur. J. Biochem. 204 893-900, 1992. 

Fig. 8.4 Relative expression levels of the five chaperone genes after heat shock. Levels are indicated in values relative to mutS levels, (a) Expression behavior by the parental strain, (b) Expression behavior by the rpoH disruptant strain. HS heat shock, closed circles groEL, open circles dnaK, closed triangles dnaj, closed diamonds grpE, closed squares clpB. (Figure reprinted from Okamoto-Kainuma et al. 2011)...

Phosphorylation of HSF substantially enhances the transcriptional activity of HS gene expression which may be up to 100-fold of basal levels after HSFl binds to the promoter element. Heat shock will increase the C-terminal-domain-kinase activity in cell extracts, and this action may enhance the activity of RNA polymerase II that is bound to HS genes (Legagneux et al., 1990). Whether this kinase activity also affects HSFl phosphorylation is not known, but increased HS gene expression appears to occur as long as HSFl is bound to the promoter region. The CTD kinase complex contains multiple proteins, and it is quite possible that one or more of these proteins is also regulated by stress. 

Beere, H.M., Morimoto, R.I., Hickman, J.A. (1993). Investigations of mechanisms of drug-induced changes in gene expression N methylformamide-induced changes in synthesis of the M(r) 72,000 constitutive heat shock protein during commitment of HL-60 cells to granulocyte differentiation. Cancer Res. 53, 3034—3039. 

Caruso, M., Sacco, M., Medoff, G., Maresca, B. (1987). Heat shock 70 gene is differently expressed in Histoplasma capsulatum strains with different levels of thermotolerance and pathogenicity. Mol. Microbiol. 1, 151-158. 

Chin, K.V., Tanaka, S., Darlington, G., Pastan, 1., Gottesman, M.M. (1990). Heat shock and arsenite increase expression of the multi-drug resistanee (MDR1) gene in human renal carcinoma cells. J. Biol.Chem. 265,221-226. 

Holbrook, N.J., Carlson, S.G., Choi, A.M.K., Fargnoli, J. (1992). Induction of hsp70 gene expression by the antiproliferative prostaglandin PGA2 A growth dependent response mediated by activation of heat shock transcription factor. Mol. Cell Biol. 12, 1528-1534. 

Jurivich, D.A., Sistonen, L., Sarge, K.D., Morimoto, R. (1994). Arachidonate is a potent modulator of heat shock gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 2280-2284. 

Kelley, P.M. Schlesinger, M.J. (1978). The effect of amino acid analogues and heat shock gene expression in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Cell 15, 1277-1286. 

Li, G. Laszio, A. (1985). Thermotolerance in mammalian cells A possible role for the heat shock proteins. In Changes in Eukaryotic Gene Expression in Response to Environmental Stress (Atkinson, B.G. Walden, D.B. eds.), pp. 349-371, Academic Press, Orlando. 

Most medical students look askance at thermobiology. We think this is a mistake hence, we have included a section dealing with this subject. This brings us to the chapter on the heat shock response which at the very outset makes clear that many stressors besides heat are known to result in heat shock gene expression. Many of the heat shock proteins occur in unstressed cells and some of them behave as chaperones. These proteins also reach high levels in a wide range of diseases... 

Gurley, W.B., Czarnecka, E., Nagao, R.T. Key, J.L. (1986). Upstream sequences required for efficient expression of a soybean heat shock gene. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 6, 559-65. 

Rochester, D.E., Winter, J. A. Shah, D.M. (1986). The structure and expression of maize genes encoding the major heat shock protein, hsp70. EMBO Journal, 5, 451-8. 

ROSE (repression of heat shock gene expression)... 

The rpoH gene is expressed from four different promoters. Under normal physiological conditions, the PI promoter is responsible for most of the rpoH transcription, while P2 and P4 promoters contribute varying minor amounts. The P3 promoter is under the control of the Eo holoenzyme (see below) and becomes induced at temperatures above 45 °C. The rpoH gene is expressed at all temperatures, and after a heat shock its transcription is increased by a factor of 1.5 only, but there is a large transient increase in intracellular levels. Two factors contribute significantly to this increase an enhanced rate of translation of the rpoH mRNA, and a transient stabilization in the half-life of... 

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