Elements names americium

Glenn Seaborg was only twenty-eight when he discovered plutonium. Within the next few years he headed several groups of research workers who created seven more transuranium elements. In 1944 came elements Nos. 95 and 96 which were named americium, and curium after the Curies. Almost five more years passed before two new births were announced— elements No. 97, christened berkelium after the home of the cyclotron that Lawrence had given to science, and No. 98, named californium. Another four crowded years went by and element No. 99 was synthesized and was given the name einsteinium after the great scientist who had just died. 

In 1945 the synthesis of elements 95 and 96 was announced. No. 95 corresponds to europium in the lanthanide series (p. 177) and was hence appropriately named americium. No. 96 corresponds to gadolinium, named after the Finnish mineralogist Gadolin. It was therefore felt that it was the turn of the Curies to be honoured, and the new element was named curium. Several isotopes of the two elements are known. 

In January 1945 element 95 was extracted from plutonium bombarded with neutrons. The element was named americium in honour of America (and owing to its similarity to europium from the rare-earth series). 

But bow to obtain them What nuclear reactions are suitable for that Fortunately, by the end of the fifties there was a definite answer to this question multiply charged ions of the light elements (carbon, oxygen, neon, argon) were to be used as bombarding particles. Then the targets could be made from conventional transuranium elements, namely, plutonium, americium, and curium and the problem with the target was resolved. Of course, it would be better... 

A large number of elements—15, to be precise—have come from the place where their discoverer hved, or wished to honor americium, berkelium, californium, darmstadtium, europium, francium, germanium, hassium, polonium, gal-hum, hafhium, lutetium, rhenium, ruthenium, and scandium. Yet other element names are derived finm geographical locations connected with minerak in which they were found. This category includes the remarkable case of four elements named after the Swedish village of Ytterby, which lies close to Stockholm. Erbium, terbium, ytterbium, and yttrium were all found in ores located around this village, while a fifth element, hohnium, was named after the Latin for Stockholm. 

The inner transition metals consist of the 15 rare earth metals or lanthanides. They are all silvery white in color and used in such products as permanent magnets and headphones. The other inner transition metals, a set of elements named after the element actinium, include uranium, americium, and neptunium. They are primarily human-made elements. These metals are radioactive and used in advanced smoke detectors, neutron-detection devices and in nuclear reactions. 

Element name Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium... 

These elements have all been named for famous scientists or for the places of their creation. For example, americium, berkelium, and californium were named after obvious geographical locations. Nobelium was named for the Nobel Institute, although later study proved it was not really created there. Curium was named for Marie Curie, the discoverer of radium. Einsteinium was named for the famous physicist, Albert Einstein. Fermium and lawrencium were named for Enrico Fermi and Ernest O. Lawrence, who made important discoveries in the field of radioactivity. Mendelevium was named for the discoverer of the periodic chart. 

Americium - the atomic number is 95 and the chemical symbol is Am. The name derives from America where it was first synthesized in a series of successive neutron capture reactions in the element plutonium, Pu, in a nuclear reactor in 1944 by American scientists under Glenn T. Seaborg at the University of California lab in Berkeley, California, using the nuclear reaction Pu ( n, y) Y) P Am. Americium is the sixth element in the Actinide... 

In 2003 the Nuclear Research Laboratory in Dubna, Russia, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, collaborated in conducting a 27-day experiment that led to the discovery of ununtrium. They bombarded atoms of americium-243 with ions of calcium-48. This produced, among other particles, four atoms of ununpentium (element 115), which in less than 1/10 of a second decayed by alpha emission into atoms of ununtrium (element 113). Since no formal name has yet been proposed for element 113, lUPAC s temporary naming system was used to name element 113 ununtrium 113). 

The element seaborgium was named for him in honor of his accomplishments. It was so named while he was still alive, which proved extremely controversial. For the remainder of his life, Seaborg was the only person in the world who could write his address in chemical elements Seaborgium. Lawrencium. Berkelium. Californium. Americium (Glenn Seaborg, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory-. Berkeley, California, United States of America). 

There no fixed rule for naming elements. Some names of elements take the names of scientists (Mendelevium, Md Rontgenium, Rg...), places (Americium, Am Europium, Eu...), and the names of planets (Uranium, U Plutonium, Pu...). Some names come from mythology (Titanium, Ti Thorium, Th...) or properties of the element (eg hydrogen means water former, oxygen means acid former). 

Usually the discovery of a new element is announced in a scientific paper or at a scientific meeting. The actinide elements curium and americium were announced to the world in a 1945 childrens radio show called Quiz Kids. The show s guest scientist on November 11 that year was a young scientist named Glenn Seaborg. One of the children on the show asked Seaborg if any new elements had been discovered lately. Seaborg happily shared the news that his lab had in fact created two new elements with atomic numbers 95 and 96. 

In fact, Seaborg and his fellow scientists had discovered curium (named after Pierre and Marie Curie) and americium in 1944, but their findings were part of the United States secret program to build an atomic bomb. When World War II ended in 1945 with two atomic bombs dropped on Japan, a handful of strange new elements were introduced to the world. 

Treatment of irradiated targets. The chemical operations relative to the production of transplutonium elements (americium 243, curium 244) are all performed using a nitric acid medium. The highly corrosive nature of the solutions concentrated with Cl" ions, which were used in the USA for the development of the Tramex process (JO, and the instability of SCN" ions to radiation (12), led us to select nitric acid solution to perform the chemical separations. Once the medium was selected, it was necessary to find an adequate additive which, in combination with a suitable extractant, would allow solution of the main problem namely separation of the trivalent actinides from triva-lent lanthanides. 

The element phosphorus was named by its discoverer for the property that it glows when exposed to air. Phosphorous in Greek means I bear light. From the names of the elements such as francium (Fr), americium, europium (Eu), berkelium (Bk), and californium (Cf), it is clear that geographic locations were used to name them. Still other elements have been named to honor... 

Americium is called an actinoid or transuranium element. It occurs in Row 7 of the periodic table, a chart that shows how the chemical elements are related to each other. The actinoids are named after element 89, actinium. The term transuranium means beyond uranium in the periodic table. Uranium has an atomic number of 92. Any element with an atomic number larger than 92, therefore, is called a transuranium element. 

Americium has 25 isotopes, all of which are radioactive. The most stable is americium-243. Isotopes are two or more forms of an element. Isotopes differ from each other according to their mass number. The number written to the right of the element s name is the mass number. The mass number represents the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of the element. The number of protons determines the element, but the number of neutrons in the atom of any one element can vary. 

Named after Berkeley, California, berkelium was created in 1949 by the team of Stanley G. Thompson, Albert Ghiorso, and Glenn T. Seaborg at the Berkeley Laboratory of the University of California. They bombarded americium with helium ions to create the new element. Elemental berkelium has not been synthesized, and only microgram quantities of berkelium chloride have been made, but enough to characterize the element. Primarily of scientific interest, it has no commercial applications. 

Americium, No. 95, was named after the Americas as its rare earth sister, europium, was named after Europe. Curium, No. 96, was named for Marie and Pierre Curie since the corresponding lanthanide element, gadolinium, had been named after the Finnish rare earth chemist Johan Gadolin. 

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