Fifth element

If N is positive, the loop can be vectorized. If N = 5, the existing 10th element of X is needed in order to compute the new value of the fifth element. As work begins on the fifth element before the tenth element is changed, the loop can be vectorized. 

When we want to take an element from a set it is simply a matter of using the correct syntax. For example, as we discussedbefore, to take the fifth element from the dataset we... 

Since the fifth element of dataset is apair of numbers correspondingto the fifth point the... 

High-frequency excitatory stimuli which were introduced to the first element was amplified and transmitted to the ninth element. Low-frequency excitatory stimuli which was introduced to the fifth element was attenuated during propagation leading to selective elimination of synaptic coimection between the seventh and fourth elements. 

Note that in the J matrix, the first two elements are the mean of replicate responses one and two the third and fifth elements are the mean of replicate responses three and five. The fourth element in the Y and J matrices are the same because the experiment was not replicated. 

Bismuth is the fifth element in the nitrogen group, and its properties are the most metal-like of the five. Elemental bismuth is a heavy, brittle, hard metal that can be polished to a bright gray-white coat with a pinkish hue. It is not found in this state very often because it is more likely to be combined with other metals and minerals, such as tin, lead, iron and cadmium. These are mixtures with low melting points, making them useful in fire-detection devices. 

The world is a living being To the Hermeticists, all of the world, including rocks and streams, is alive and possesses a soul. The physical world was believed to be made of four physical elements earth, air, fire, and water. The elements would scatter, however, and the entire world would fall apart if they were not held together by the mysterious fifth element, the world soul, or Anima Mundi. This is in contrast with the modern scientific, materialist philosophy, which views the world as composed of nonliving matter. 

Figure 5.2 This illustration shows the relationship between the four elements and the four qualities. Alchemical symbols for the elements are shown in the corners of the center diamond. The white star in the center represents the Quinta Essentia, or the fifth element. (Robert M. Place)...

Besides the four elements, the alchemists believed in a fifth element, which is actually the Anima Mundi or Materia Prima interacting and vitalizing the other four. This is known as the Quinta Essentia, which is the origin of the word quintessence. This hidden substance is exposed when the Philosopher s Stone is created. 

The fifth element may also be thought of as Ether, the incorruptible substance that the planets and stars were thought to be made of. Because they are so illusive the Quinta Essentia and the Philosopher s Stone are usually depicted as a mystical diagram called a mandala. 

Empedocles s theory of the four elements was to dominate Western thought for nearly two and a half millennia. It wasn t until the eighteenth century that it was overthrown, because it was endorsed by Aristotle, whose authority was so great that his dogmas often impeded scientific progress. Aristotle added a fifth element, of which the heavenly bodies were supposedly composed. But he agreed with Empedocles that all earthly objects were made of earth, air, fire, and water. 

On a fifth element belonging to the alkali group, by Professor Bunsen, Chem... 

Later still in Hindu writings appear references to three elements, fire, water and earth, then a fourth, air, appears. Finally, the number of the elements is accepted as five. The four elements, air, fire, earth, water, are recognizable by the senses, the fifth element, ether, being not recognizable by the senses, hut a logical necessity for the manifestation of sound. 

The above is not a complete statement of the theory of matter of Aristotle, but will, it is hoped, give an idea of the elaborateness and complexity of the Aristotelian concept, and serve to illustrate how far removed was his method of developing the theory from the inductive methods of modern science. The concept of the four elements as qualitative factors in the constitution of other bodies, with their inherent forces of heat, cold, moist, dry, became accepted by later centuries as basic truth. His notion of a fifth element, variously interpreted, also held a place in the thought of later times, but his more complex notions of the nature of the elements and matter had little influence on the later development of natural philosophy. 

Ancient philosophers in Greece, India, China, and Japan speculated that all matter was composed of four or five elements. The Greeks thought that these were fire, air, earth, and water. Indian philosophers and the Greek Aristotle also thought a fifth element—"aether" or "quintessence"—filled all of empty space. 

This is the Divine Spark hidden in all things, the reflection of Celestial Fire. Called the Quintessence, it is the "most purified and fixed part of a matter," formed by the perfect balance of the Four Elements. This harmony between opposing forces of the Elements, brings forth a whole new and exalted state, the Fifth Element or Quintessence. Its action is digestive and maturing. It drives the transpiration and subtilization of the elements upward to regenerate fire. 

L9 was built from the combination of five elements (Pt, Ru, Os, Ir, and Rh) in a quaternary phase diagram (combinations of up to four elements from the five possible 57). Thequaternary phase diagram can be represented by a 10 x lOx lOx 10 tetrahedron (Fig. 11.12), where the 4 vertices represent the pure elements, the 48 positions on the edges (6 x 8) represent the binary alloys, the 112 positions on the faces (4 x 28) represent the ternary alloys, and the 56 inner positions represent the quaternary alloys to give a total of 220 different compositions. The addition of a fifth element increased the library composition by 1 (element) -1- 32 (4 x 8, binary alloys) + 168 (6 x 28, ternary alloys) -1- 224 (4 x 56, quaternary alloys) = 425 different compositions, giving a total number of 645 library individuals for L9 (Fig. 11.12). 

Well then, my dear listeners, let us proceed with fervor to another problem Having sufficiently analyzed in this manner the four resources of science and nature, which we are about to leave [ie. fire, water, air, and earth) we must consider a fifth element which can almost be considered the most essential part of chemistry itself, which chemists boastfully, no doubt with reason, prefer above all others, and because of which they triumphantly celebrate, and to which they attribute above all others the marvellous effects of their science. And this they call the solvent (menstruum). Even if the once famous scholar J. B. Van Helmont (1577-1644) claimed to have prepared this Alkahest in a phial, together with the adherents of the alkahest theory he was ridiculed by his contemporaries who asked in which vessel he has stored this universal solvent. 

Proton One of the three basic subatomic components of all elements. It is a massive, positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom. Quintessence Literally, meaning fifth element. It was used to describe the matter of the celestial realm and was also used as a synonym for prime matter. 

Meanwhile, Paracelsus (1493-1541) worked on distillation to separate the essential from the non-essential parts of a compound, and developed further the quinta essentia (quintessence) theory of a fifth element, involved in imbuing life. His radical ideas greatly influenced medicine during the Renaissance. According to Paracelsus, God makes... 

Be/ide/ the/e four element/ which moke up oil eorthly motter, there i/ o fifth element ether which i/ the more ideol element, the perfect form, ond of it the heorenly bodie/ ore eompo/ed. ... 

What is an element To the ancient Greeks, everything on Earth was made from only four elements—earth, air, fire, and water. Celestial bodies—the Sun, moon, planets, and stars—were made of a fifth element ether. Only gradually did the concept of an element become more specific. 

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