Fermi Enrico

Segre, E. (1971). Fermi, Enrico. In Dictionary of Scientific Biogi aphy, ed. Charles Coulston Gillispie, Vol. 4, pp. 576-583. New York Scribner. 

Carnot, Nicolas Leonard Sadi (1796-1832) Fermi, Enrico (1901-1954)... 

Fahrenheit, Daniel, 104 Faraday, Michael, 73,176, 205, 294 Fermi, Enrico, 46 Firestone, Harvey Samuel, 305 Fischer, Ernest Gottfried, 32 Ford, Henry, 305 Frankland, Edward, 73, 198 Franklin, Benjamin, 23, 172 Fresenius, Karl, 296 Fuller, F. Buckminster, 96... 

FERMI, ENRICO (1901-1954). Fermi yvas an American physicist bom in Rome. It should be noted that he won a fellowship to the University of Pisa for a paper on sound waves and after only lour years al Pisa, he received a Ph D. in physics. 

Fermi, Enrico, Thermodynamics, Courier Dover Publications, New York (1956)-... 

Fermi, Enrico. (1901-1954). An Italian physicist who later became a U.S. citizen. He developed a statistical approach to fundamental problems of physical chemistry based on Pauli s exclusion principle. He discovered induced or artificial radioactivity resulting from neutron impingement, as well as slow or thermal neutrons. He was professor of physics at Columbia (1939) and awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1938. He was the first to achieve a controlled nuclear chain reaction, directed the construction of the first nuclear reactor at the University of Chicago (1942), and worked on the atomic bomb at Los Alamos. He also carried on fundamental research on subatomic particles using sophisticated statistical techniques. Element 100 (fermium) is named after him. 

Fermi, Enrico (1901-1954). First to achieve a controlled nuclear fission reaction (1939) basic research on subatomic particles. Nobel Prize 1938. Lawrence, Ernest O. (1901-1958). Invented the cyclotron in which first synthetic elements were created. Nobel Prize 1939. 

There have been two major accidents (Three Mile Island in the United States and Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union) in which control was lost in nuclear power plants, with subsequent rapid increases in fission rates that resulted in steam explosions and releases of radioactivity. The protective shield of reinforced concrete, which surrounded the Three Mile Island Reactor, prevented release of any radioactivity into the environment. In the Russian accident there had been no containment shield, and, when the steam explosion occurred, fission products plus uranium were released to the environment—in the immediate vicinity and then carried over the Northern Hemisphere, in particular over large areas of Eastern Europe. Much was learned from these accidents and the new generations of reactors are being built to be passive safe. In such passive reactors, when the power level increases toward an unsafe level, the reactor turns off automatically to prevent the high-energy release that would cause the explosive release of radioactivity. Such a design is assumed to remove a major factor of safety concern in reactor operation, see also Bohr, Niels Fermi, Enrico AIan-HATTAN Project Plutonium Radioactivity Uranium. 

Dnring World War II Panfi worked at the Institute for Advanced Studies at Princeton in New Jersey he then returned to Zurich, where he died in 1958. SEE also Bohr, Niels Fermi, Enrico. 

---