Element symbols capitalization

Electrons in free radicals, 259 260 Element symbols capitalization, 251... 

Components are given capital letters A, B, C or the element symbols Cu, Zn, C. 

Some reaction names are preceded by element symbols they may be used as nouns or adjectives. When they are the first word of a sentence or appear in titles and headings, the first letter of the word is capitalized. 

The names of chemical compounds may consist of one or more words, and they may include locants, descriptors, and syllabic portions. Locants and descriptors can be numerals, element symbols, small capital letters, Greek letters, Latin letters, italic words and letters, and combinations of these. Treat the word or syllabic portions of chemical names just like other common nouns use roman type, keep them lowercase in text, capitalize them at the beginnings of sentences and in titles, and hyphenate them only when they do not fit completely on one line. 

Really, the only trick to working with elemental symbols is to be careful to distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters. There is actually a huge difference between the substances shown in the formulas CO and Co. CO is the chemical formula for the compound known as carbon monoxide, which is a colorless, poisonous gas. Co is the elemental symbol for the element cobalt, which is a metal. Remember Regardless of how many letters are used to represent an element, each elemental symbol can only contain a single capital letter. The elemental symbols for some of the elements that your instructor will likely discuss most often are shown in Figure 3-2a. 

The elemental symbol for each element is made up of only one capital letter and, in some cases, one or more lowercase letters. With only twenty-six letters and more than 100 elements, it is necessary to combine the letters to... 

We often use abbreviations to simplify the written word. For example, it is much easier to put MA on an envelope than to write out Massachusetts, and we often write USA instead of United States of America. Likewise, chemists have invented a set of abbreviations or element symbols for the chemical elements. These symbols usually consist of the first letter or the first two letters of the element names. The first letter is always capitalized, and the second is not. For example. 

In Chap. 1, pure substances were described as existing in two forms elements and compounds. Elements cannot be decomposed into simpler substances but compounds can be broken down into elements. Elements are therefore the building blocks of all substances. Currently 108 different elements are known, and each is represented by a universally accepted symbol. A list of these will be found in Appendbc B. The method for arriving at these symbols was, where possible, to use the first letter of the elements name, capitalized. However, since there are only 26 letters of the alphabet, where the first letters of two elements were the same, the second letter, lowercase, was added to the first. The symbol for carbon is C, while the symbol for calcium is Ca. Unfortunately, the symbol for iron is not I or Ir but Fe. In addition to iron, there are other elements whose symbols are not derived from their common names but from names given to them much earlier in human history when the language of scholarship was Latin or German. Some of the more common of these are listed in Table 2-1, with their common names, symbols, and names from which the symbols were derived. 

The chemical symbols in (a) and (d) represent compounds—the second letter in an element symbol is never a capital letter (b) and (c) represent the elements cobalt and silver and (e) represents the element chlorine, which exists as diatomic molecules (p. 27). 

In the following 2X2 crossword, each letter must be correct four ways horizontally, vertically, diagonally, and by itself. When the puzzle is complete, the four spaces below will contain the overlapping symbols of 10 elements. Use capital letters for each square. There is only one correct solution. ... 

Special care must be taken in writing symbols. Capitalize only the first letter, and use a lowercase second letter if needed. This is important. For example, consider Co, the symbol for the element cobalt. If you write CO (capital C and capital O), you will have written the two elements carbon and oxygen (the formula for carbon monoxide), not the single element cobalt. Also, make sure that you write the letters distinctly otherwise, Co (for cobalt) maybe misread as Ca (for calcium). 

An elemental symbol is based on the element s name and consists of a single capital letter or a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. The symbols for 11 elements are based on the element s name in Latin or German. An elemental symbol is sometimes used to represent an element in a general way or to represent a single atom of an element. I Table 2.1 hsts the elements whose names and symbols have been agreed on. 

Symbols based on names have been assigned to every element. Most consist of a single capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. A few consist of a single capital letter. Compounds are represented by formulas made up of elemental symbols. The number of atoms of each element in a molecule is shown by subscripts. 

Chemists represent the elements by elemental symbols. The first letter of the name of the element, written as a capital, is often its symbol. If more than one element begins with the same letter, a second letter written in lowercase is added. Thus, the symbol for hydrogen is H, for oxygen, O, for carbon, C, and for chlorine. Cl. The symbols of some elements derive from their Latin names, such as Na for sodium (from natrium) and Fe for iron (from ferrum). 

The most common error while learning to write symbols and formulas is writing both letters in a two-letter elemental symbol as capitals. The first letter is always a capital letter. If a second letter is present, it is always written in lowercase. The language of chemistry is very precise, and correctly written symbols are part of that language. It is also important to leam the correct speUing of elemental names as you come to them. Flourine instead of fluorine is the most common misspelling of an elemental name. 

List of structures which can be described with linked nested polyhedral units. The different units are made up of polyhedra as indicated by the capital letters given on top (for explanation see text). Below these symbols for the polyhedra are found the chemical symbols of the elements which occupy these sites in the different nested polyhedral units. Underlined element symbols indicate that this element on this particular site is shared by different units. For details... 

Some authors write x = r s to denote the total variables of the electron, and write the total wavefunction as k(x) or F(r, s). 1 have used a capital here to emphasize that the total wavefunction depends on both the space and spin variables. I will use the symbol dr to denote a differential space element, and ds to denote a differential spin element. 

Each element has been named and, for convenience, has been given a nickname—a shorthand symbol of one or two letters. Thus the element carbon is symbolized by the letter C, the element neon by the letters Ne. The symbols are adopted by international agreement among chemists. Eleven of the elements have names derived from the capitalized first letter of the Latin name of the element and, if necessary, by a second letter (uncapitalized). These eleven include seven common metals known to the ancients. (See Table 2-V.)... 

Symbol one- or two-letter representation of an element or an atom of an element. The first letter of a symbol is capitalized the second letter, if any, is lowercase. 

Hassium - the atomic number is 108 and the chemical symbol is Hs. The name derives from the Latin Hassia for the German state of Hesse , whose former capital was Darmstadt. The element was first synthesized by German physicists at the GSI (Center for Heavy-Ion Research) Lab at Darmstadt, Germany in 1984 using the nuclear reaction ° Pb ( Fe, n) Hs. The longest half-life associated with this unstable element is 11 minute Hs. 

In referring to any particular space-group, the symbols for the symmetry elements are put together in a way similar to that used for the point-groups. First comes a capital letter indicating whether the lattice is simple (P for primitive), body-centred (I for inner), side-centred (A, B, or C), or centred on all faces (F). The rhombohedral lattice is also described by a special letter R. Following the capital letter for the lattice type comes the symbol for the principal axis, and if there is a plane of symmetry or a glide plane perpendicular to it, the two symbols... 

Whether a simple atom or a larger unit, all atom kinds are called elements. Each element is represented by means of a symbol consisting of a capital or a capital and a lower-case letter. 

Chemists use shorthand symbols to label the elements and their atoms. The symbol consists of one, two or three letters, the first of which must be a capital. Where several elements have the same initial letter, a second letter of the name or subsequent letter is added. For example, C is used for carbon,... 

Entries in the Encyclopedia are in alphabetic sequence. Cross-references appear in small capitals at the ends of the articles to help readers locate related discussions. Articles range from brief, but concise, definitions to extensive overviews that treat key concepts in larger contexts. A fist of common abbreviations and symbols, and a list of the known elements, as well as a modern version of the periodic table are included in the For Your Reference section at the beginning of each volume. A glossary and a comprehensive index appear at the end of each volume. Contributors are listed alphabetically, together with their academic and professional affiliations, at the beginning of each volume. 

For convenience, each element is given a chemical symbol that acts as a chemical shorthand in talking and writing about it and its reactions. The symbol always comprises one or two letters the first letter is a capital, which may correspond to the initial letter of the element s name Mg = magnesium, Ca = calcium, C = carbon, O = oxygen, H = hydrogen, S = sulphur, He = helium. Some chemical symbols are less obvious because they are derived from Latin names for the elements Pb = lead (plumbum), Fe = iron (ferrum), Na = sodium (natrium), K = potassium (kalium). 

A firm believer in the atomic theory of Dalton, Berzelius made his new symbols stand for the relative atomic weights of the atoms. The initial letter capitalized represented one atom of the element. The symbols stood for definite quantitative measurements and enabled us to indicate without long periphrases the relative number of atoms of the different constituents present in each compound body. Thus they gave a clue to the chemical composition of substances. This was a tremendous step toward making chemistry a mathematical science. 

Write the symbols for the chemical elements in roman type with an initial capital letter. 

---