Electrospray interface, mass spectrometry

Zhang, J., C. Li, Z. Chen, Z. Rao, D. Wen, K. Li, and H. Liu Metabolism study on tobacco specific V-nitrosamines in rabbit by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-electrospray interface-mass spectrometry method 60th Tobacco Science Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 60, Paper No. 53, 2006, p. 48. 

Liu, C. L. and Verma, S. S., Direct coupling of ionic high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry utilizing a microdialysis junction interface, ]. Chromatogr. A, 835, 93, 1999. 

For quantitative analysis of organic compounds in general by means of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS), one should be aware of two major factors, which may strongly impact on the outcomes. These are directly associated with the process of ion generation in the interface. 

Cao R and Moini M. (1997), A novel sheathless interface for capillary electro-phoresis/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using an in-capillary electrode, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 8, 561-564. 

Tseng, M. C., Chen, Y. R., and Her, G. R. (2004). A beveled tip sheath liquid interface for capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 25, 2084—2089. 

Figure 14 Interfacing Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry HPLC...

A critical review of the inherent limitations of modern PFA analytical methods is available in Martin et al. [18], but some examples are discussed here. For quantitative determination, the HPLC system is often interfaced to a Micromass or Sciex tandem mass spectrometer operated in the negative ion electrospray mode. Instrumental parameters are optimized to transmit the [M - H] ion for all analytes (Table 5). When possible, multiple daughter ions are monitored, but quantitation is generally based on a single product ion (Table 5, Fig. 4). In the electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ES MS/MS) system, the 499 Da -> 80 Da transition can provide a stronger signal than... 

Some reviews [5-7] have appeared on NCE-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (NCE-ESI-MS) discussing various factors responsible for detection. Recently, Zamfir [8] reviewed sheathless interfacing in NCE-ESI-MS in which the authors discussed several issues related to sheathless interfaces. Feustel et al. [9] attempted to couple mass spectrometry with microfluidic devices in 1994. Other developments in mass spectroscopy have been made by different workers. McGruer and Karger [10] successfully interfaced a microchip with an electrospray mass spectrometer and achieved detection limits lower than 6x 10-8 mole for myoglobin. Ramsey and Ramsey [11] developed electrospray from small channels etched on glass planar substrates and tested its successful application in an ion trap mass spectrometer for tetrabutylammonium iodide as model compound. Desai et al. [12] reported an electrospray microdevice with an integrated particle filter on silicon nitride. 

Mass spectrometry is a valuble tool with which an abundancy of structural information may be obtained from a minute amount of material. Capillary electrophoresis may be interfaced with mass spectrometry by electrospray ionization [124-126] or continuous-flow, fast-atom bombardment methods [127,128]. Several reviews discuss applications of the interfacing techniques, and address the attributes and disadvantages associated with these methods [129,130]. Critical parameters involved in the optimization of CE-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis have been reviewed as well [131],... 

De Person, M., Chaimbault, P., and Elfakir, C. Analysis of native amino acids by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry comparative study between two sources and interfaces. J. Mass Spectrom. 2008, 43, 204-215. 

Capillary electrochromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CEC-ESI-MS) is an analytical technique combining electrochroma-tographic separation and mass spectrometric detection with an electrospray ionization interface. 

Electrochromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry An Integrated Electrokinetic Analytical Technique, Fig. 5 Sheathless ESI interface of CEC-MS (From Ref [10])... 

Sanz-Nehot V, Balaguer E, Benavente F, Barbosa J (2005) Comparison of sheath-flow electrospray interfaces for the capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis of peptides. Electrophoresis 26 1457-1465... 

Maxwell, E.J. Chen, D.D. Y. Twenty years of interface development for capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim. Acta 2008, 627, 25-33. 

Jin, D.-Q., Zhu, Y, Fang, Q. (2014) Swan Probe A Nanoliter-scale and High-throughput Sampling Interface for Coupling Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Microfluidic Droplet Array and Multiwell Plate. Anal. Chem. 86 10796-10803. 

Zhu, Y., Fang, Q. (2010) Integrated Droplet Analysis System with Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Using a Hydrophilic Tongue-based Droplet Extraction Interface. Anal. Chem. 82 8361-8366. 

In the following section, three approaches are focused on and exemplarily described, for which instrumentation and support are commercially available and for which own research experience are given. One HPTLC-MS application is based on an interface using an elution head (high-performance thin-layer chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, HPTLC-ESI-MS) the other two applications are using either laser light (HPTLC-MALDI-MS) or a gas beam for desorption (HPTLC-DART-MS). They all are soft ionization techniques however, when combined with analyzers suited for structure elucidation, like ion trap or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), structural information is also available. 

Hsu, F.L., Chen, C.H., Yuan, C.H., Shiea, J. (2003) Interfaces to connect thin-layer chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 75, 2493-2498. 

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