Electronics fluid mechanics

Landau LD, Lifshitz EM (1959) Fluid mechanics, 2nd edn. Pergamon, London Landerman CS (1994) Micro-channel flow boiling mechanisms leading to Burnout. J Heat Transfer Electron Syst ASME HTD-292 124-136 Levich VG (1962) Physicochemical hydrodynamics. Prentice HaU, London Morijama K, Inoue A (1992) The thermohydraulic characteristics of two-phase flow in extremely narrow channels (the frictional pressure drop and heat transfer of boiling two-phase flow, analytical model). Heat Transfer Jpn Res 21 838-856... 

Stagnation flows represent a very important class of flow configurations wherein the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations, together with thermal-energy and species-continuity equations, reduce to systems of ordinary-differential-equation boundary-value problems. Some of these flows have great practical value in applications, such as chemical-vapor-deposition reactors for electronic thin-film growth. They are also widely used in combustion research to study the effects of fluid-mechanical strain on flame behavior. 

Heat and mass transfer is a basic science that deals with the rate of transfer of thermal energy. It has a broad application area ranging from biological systems to common household appliances, residential and commercial buildings, industrial processes, electronic devices, and food processing. Students are assumed to have an adequate background in calculus and physics. The completion of first courses in thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and differential equations prior to taking heat transfer is desirable. However, relevant concepts from these topics are introduced and reviewed as needed. 

In this section we discuss how shock compression produces electronic and vibrational excitations that can cause chemical reactions. It is an outline for a theory that connects the fluid-mechanical picture of shock compression to the quantum mechanical picture of chemical reaction dynamics. 

The above set of equations is similar to that used in traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) (except for the electron energy balance and the EM equations), and advances made in that field can be used to benefit the plasma reactor simulation problem. As an example, the sheath near the wall can be thought of as similar to a boundary layer in fluid flow (chemically reacting or not) [130]. Separating the flow into bulk (inviscid) and boundary layer (viscous) and then patching the two solutions (asymptotic analysis) has long been practiced in fluid mechanics and may also be applied to the plasma problem [102, 103, 151]. 

Shape factors of isothermal, three-dimensional convex bodies having complex shapes and small to large aspect ratios are of considerable interest for applications in the nuclear, aerospace, microelectronic, and telecommunication industries. The shape factor S also has applications in such diverse areas as antenna design, electron optics, electrostatics, fluid mechanics, and plasma dynamics [27]. 

The conservation equations that are encountered in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and electron transport can be derived as different moments of the BTE [11]. Consider a function < >(p), which is a power of the particle momentum < >(p) = p" where n is an integer (n = 0,1,2,...). Its average can be described as... 

Parameters such as impeller speed and shaft power (in a stirred bioreactor) and fluid velocity are indicators of the degree of mixing and thus play an important role in the control of mass transfer. Impeller speed is easily monitored with a tachometer (electronic or mechanical) [39], but the measurement of shaft power input is not as straightforward. The most common method utilizes a torsion dynamometer attached to the impeller drive however, this technique includes losses due to friction in the drive shaft. Better data can be obtained from balanced strain gauges mounted on the impeller [37]. On-line measurement of the liquid velocity in a flowing or stirred system can be obtained by a heat-pulse method in which a resistance thermometer is used to measure a brief temperature increase caused by an upstream pair of electrodes [43]. Use of this sensor system has been limited to laboratory applications. 

The measurement of flow rate is one of main subjects in experimental fluid mechanics. However, the thermocapacitive flow sensor may have electronic and semiconductor components, such as a capacitor, an n-channel MOS transistor, an oscillation circuit, and a microfabrication. Therefore, the thermocapacitive flow sensor is a multidisciplinary tool and some of its electronic and semiconductor components need to be explained. 

Marine/coastal science marine biology civil engineering oceanography meteorology hydrodynamics geomorphology and soil mechanics numerical and statistical analysis structural mechanics fluid mechanics electronics geology chemistry. 

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