Flow boiling

The heat transfer coefficient of boiling flow through a horizontal rectangular channel with low aspect ratio (0.02-0.1) was studied by Lee and Lee (2001b). The mass flux in these experiments ranged from 50 to 200 kg/m s, maximum heat flux was 15 kW/m, and the quality ranged from 0.15 to 0.75, which corresponds to annular flow. The experimental data showed that under conditions of the given experiment, forced convection plays a dominant role. 

Bowers and Mudawar (1994a) performed an experimental smdy of boiling flow within mini-channel (2.54 mm) and micro-channel d = 510 pm) heat sink and demonstrated that high values of heat flux can be achieved. Bowers and Mudawar (1994b) also modeled the pressure drop in the micro-channels and minichannels, using the Collier (1981) and Wallis (1969) homogenous equilibrium model, which assumes the liquid and vapor phases form a homogenous mixture with equal and uniform velocity, and properties were assumed to be uniform within each phase. 

Shah, M. M. (1976) ASHRAE Trans. 82 (Part 2) 66. A new correlation for heat transfer during boiling flow through tubes. 

Figure 3.19 Configuration of bubble layer as affected by flow rate at high subcooling (Freon-118) (a) low-velocity boiling flow (b) high-velocity boiling flow. (From Tong et al., 1966b. Copyright 5 1966 by American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York. Reprinted with permission.)...

Figure 5.5 Vertical upward, high-velocity boiling flow of Freon-113 mass flux 1.06 x 106 lbn/hr ft2 (1,432 kg/m2 s) bulk subcooling 66°F (37°C) pressure 41 psig (0.38 MPa) heat flux 14,300 Btu/hr ft2 (45,000 W/m2). (From Tong, 1965. Reprinted with permission.)...

Lahey (1990) indicated the applications of fractal and chaos theory in the field of two-phase flow and heat transfer, especially during density wave oscillations in boiling flow. 

Bergles, A. E., J. P. Ross, and J. G. Bourne, 1968, Investigation of Boiling Flow Regimes and Critical Heat Flux, NYO-3304-13, Dynatech Corp., Cambridge, MA. (3)... 

Lee, S. S, T. N. Veziroglu, and S. Kakac, 1976, Sustained and Transient Boiling Flow Instabilities in Two Parallel Channel Systems, Proc. NATO Adv. Study Inst. 1 467—510. (6)... 

Roy, R. P, R. C. Dykuizen, M. G. Su, and P. Jain, 1988, The Stability Analysis Using Two-Fluid SAT Code for Boiling Flow Systems, Vol 1, Theory Vol. 4, Experiments and Model Validation, EPRI NP-6103-CCM, Palo Alto, CA. (6)... 

Sekoguchi, K., O. Tanaka, T. Ueno, M. Yamashita, and S. Esaki, 1982, Heat Transfer Characteristics of Boiling Flow in Subcooled and Low Quality Regions, 7th Int. Heat Transfer Conf. Paper FBI 2, Munich, Germany, Hemisphere, Washington, DC. (4)... 

Tong, L. S., L. E. Efferding, and A. A. Bishop, 1966b, A Photographic Study of Subcooled Boiling Flow and DNB of Freon-113 in a Vertical Channel, ASME Paper 66-WA/HT-39, Winter Annual Meeting, ASME, New York. (3)... 

Veziroglu, T. N., and S. S. Lee, 1971, Boiling-Flow Instabilities in a Cross-Connected Parallel Channel Upflow System, Nat. Heat Transfer Conf., ASME Paper 71-HT-12, ASME, New York. (6) Veziroglu, T. N., S. S. Lee, and S. Kakac, 1976, Fundamentals of Two-Phase Flow Oscillations and Experiments in Single Channel Systems, NATO Adv. Study Inst. 1 423-466, Hannover, Germany. (6)... 

Agostini B, Watel B, Bon temps A, Thonon B. Experimental study of ascendant boiling flow in mini-channels. Zero Leakage—Minimum Charge, BR/HF, Stockholm, August 2002. 

Han Ju Lee, Sang Yong Lee, (2001), Heat transfer correlation for boiling flows in small rectangular horizontal channels with low aspect ratios, Int. J. of Multiphase Elow, 21, pp. 2043-2062. 

Juric D, Tryggvason G (1998) Computations of Boiling Flows. Int J Multiphase Flow. 24(3) 387-410... 

M. M. Shah, A New Correlation for Heat Transfer During Boiling Flow Through Pipes, ASHRAE Trans. (82/2) 66-86,1976. 

Intube Forced (Flow) Boiling. The prediction of the onset of the internal boiling flow is more accurate (the root-mean-square error of correlations is reported to be usually between 7 and 15 percent). The correlation presented in Table 17.27, along with the direction concerning the application for vertical uniformly heated tubes, is proposed by Katto and Ohno [97], as reported by Carey [76], An explicit information regarding the accuracy of this correlation is not available. 

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