Electrolyte in body fluids

All eukaryote cells are faced with differences in intracellular solute composition when compared with the external environment. Many eukaryotes live in seawater, and have cells which are either bathed in seawater directly, or have an extracellular body fluid which is broadly similar to seawater [3]. Osmoregulation and body fluid composition in animals has been extensively reviewed (e.g. [3,15-21]), and reveals that many marine invertebrates have body fluids that are iso-osmotic with seawater, but may regulate some electrolytes (e.g. SO2-) at lower levels than seawater. Most vertebrates have a body fluid osmotic pressure (about 320mOsmkg 1), which is about one-third of that in seawater (lOOOmOsmkg ), and also regulate some electrolytes in body fluids at... 

Concentrations of electrolytes in body fluids and in pharmaceutical solutions are usually expressed as mEq/L or Eq/L. In institutional practice, various electrolyte solutions are administered to correct electrolyte imbalances. The doses of electrolytes are calculated either in milliequivalents or in metric weights. 

Calcium is primarily a bone builder, but it is also in and around every cell of the body (mostly in tissue fluid outside cells) as an electrolyte. Next to sodium, potassium, and chloride, calcium, and magnesium are the most important electrolytes. In body fluids, both of these elements carry twice the positive electrical charge carried by sodium or potassium. As a salt, calcium is found in lime (calcium oxide), chalk (calcium carbonate), and bone material (calcium phosphate). The... 

Research the role of electrolytes and electrolytic solutions in your body. Find out how electrolytes work in the functioning of nerves and muscles. What are some of the health problems that can arise from an imbalance of electrolytes in body fluids ... 

You have probably heard of electrolytes in the context of sports drinks such as Gatorade. Electrolytes in body fluids are necessary for the transmission of electrical impulses, which are critical to physiological processes such as nerve impulses and muscle contractions. In general, an electrolyte is a substance that dissolves in water to yield a solution that conducts electricity. By contrast, a nonelectrolyte is a substance that dissolves in water to yield a solution that does not conduct electricity. Every water-soluble substance fits into one of these two categories. 

As we have seen in this chapter steroids have a number of functions in human physiology Cholesterol is a component part of cell mem branes and is found in large amounts in the brain Derivatives of cholic acid assist the digestion of fats in the small intestine Cortisone and its derivatives are involved in maintaining the electrolyte balance in body fluids The sex hormones responsible for mascu line and feminine characteristics as well as numerous aspects of pregnancy from conception to birth are steroids... 

Corticosteroids exhibit a wide range of physiological effects. One important function is to assist in maintaining the proper electrolyte balance in body fluids. They also play a vital regulatory role in the metabolism of car bohydrates and in mediating the allergic response. 

Electrolytes Substances that break up into ions (electrically charged particles) when they are dissolved in body fluids or water. Some examples are sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium. Electrolytes are primarily responsible for the movement of nutrients into cells, and the movement of wastes out of cells. [NIH]... 

Because of the use of various electrolyte systems, pH gradients, and not least an electric field, some complexes would not survive the separation. It is therefore necessary that the species to be separated are both thermodynamically and kineti-cally stable. Recently, Bocek and Foret have reviewed the application of isotachophoresis to the separation of inorganic species. This technique appears to be well-suited for the study of the distribution of metabolites of metal-containing drugs in body fluids. A survey of the application of electrophoretic techniques to biological materials can be found in the book edited by Deyl... 

HPO , and and some organic anions, such as lactate. Although amino acids and proteins in solution also carry an electrical charge, they are usually considered separately fi om electrolytes. Hydrogen ion (H ) concentration is routinely measured as pH, but its concentration is so low relative to other ions (10" versus 10 moI/L) in body fluids that it is not considered an electrolyte per se. The major electrolytes (Nab Kb CT, HCOa) occur primarily as free ions, whereas... 

There are many electrolytes dissolved in the blood, lymph, plasma, tissue fluids, and cellular fluids, but we will only deal with those involved with cell metabolism in this chapter. (Technically, all electrically charged ions in body fluids are electrolytes, but not aU of them are involved with cell metabohsm.)... 

Electrolyte I A charged molecule (such as a sodium or potassium ion) that is present in body fluids. 

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