Electrodes enhanced conductivity

The second step is the preparation of mechanically strong, conveniently manipulated electrodes from the powder. To this end the powders are pressed or rolled or applied as a paste to a conducting substrate. Special binders as well as a simultaneous or subsequent thermal treatment can be used to enhance the strength. Conductive hllers can be added to the electrode to provide enhanced conductivity. 

Yu, G., et ah, Enhancing the supercapacitor performance ofgraphene/Mn02nanostructured electrodes by conductive wrapping. Nano Letters, 2011.11(10) p. 4438-4442. 

In a typical experimental measurement a Nd YAG laser fires a 5 ns pulse on to the target electrode. It is convenient to use a polymeric material for the electrode, made conductive by the addition of conductive carbon black, to achieve intimate contact with the specimen. Adding a thin layer of a volatile liquid to the electrode surface just prior to firing the laser greatly enhances the magnitude of the signal, by helping to increase the size of the pressure pulse... 

High electronic conductivity to obviate the need for additional conductive materials in the electrode. Additives are often used in composite electrodes to enhance conductivity, to act as binders, or as clectrochemically inactive matrixes that attenuate the mechanical stress resulting from the volume variation of the insertion material during the insertion-deinscrlion processes. 

Thienyl)ethanol as a starting material will give monomers with an ether linkage in the substituent at the 3-position. Such monomers, once polymerized, have exhibited the ability to complex cations such as Li in a loose crown ether type structure [70]. This in turn leads to enhanced conductivity of the polymer when such cations are part of the supporting electrolyte. An added benefit of electropolymerization of polythiophene originates from the fact that sulfur has a tendency to physisorb to metals such as gold and platinum, which are electrode materials. Hence they may enhance the adsorption of polymer to the electrode and thus improve the physical stability of the system, as well as the extent of polymer/electrode interaction. The synthesis of these type of monomers (e.g., 60) is shown in Scheme 10-28. 

Sharma et al. synthesized electrochemically the MnO -embedded PPy nanocomposite (MnO /PPy) thin-film electrodes for supercapacitors [56]. It was found that growing PPy polymer chains provided large surface area template that enabled MnO to form as nanoparticles embedding within the polymer matrix. The co-deposition of MnO and PPy had a complimentary action in which the porous PPy matrix provided high active surface area for the MnO nanoparticles and the MnO nanoparticles nucleated over polymer chains contributed to the enhanced conductivity and stability of the nanocomposite material by interlinking the PPy polymer chains. The SC of the nanocomposite thin-film electrode... 

UTC) has been using SiC for 50 years as an electrolyte matrix in PAFC because of its extreme stability in hot phosphoric acid. The system could not be used in fuel cell electrodes due to its poor catalytic activity and electrical conductivity. However, SiC has been evaluated as a catalyst support with addition of carbon black to enhance conductivity in the catalyst layer. The approach included the deposition of Pt particles on SiC by chemical route followed by mixing with carbon to formulate catalyst. Authors claimed that a higher Pt loading has led to improved electrode performance even with large particles of Pt. This indicated that electrode performance depends not only on surface area of Pt but also on the interaction nature between support and metal catalyst [19]. 

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