Nanocomposite thin films

Scheme 6 Formation of hyperbranched thin film nanocomposites using an electrophilic polymeric reagent 14 and a nucleophilic amine-functionalized PAMAM dendrimer 15...

Jeong, Byeong-Heon, Eric M.V. Hoek, Yushan Yan, Arun Subramani, Xiaofei Huang, Gil Hurwitz, Asim K. Ghosh, and Anna Jawor, "Interfacial Polymerization of Thin Film Nanocomposites A New Concept for Reverse Osmosis Membranes," Journal of Membrane Science, 294,2007. 

Wu, H., Tang, B., and Wu, P. 2010. MWNTs/polyester thin film nanocomposite membrane An approach to overcome the trade-off effect between permeability and selectivity. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114 16395-16400. 

Yang, Y, and Hoek, E. M. V. 2009. Influence of zeolite crystal size on zeoHte-polyamide thin film nanocomposite membranes. 25 10139-10145. 

Yin, J., Kim, E.-S., Yang, J., and Deng, B. 2012. Fabrication of a novel thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane containing MCM-41 silica nanoparticles (NPs) for water purification. Journal of Membrane Science 423-424 238-246. 

Jeong BH, Hoek EMV, Yan Y, Subramani A, Huang X, Hurwitz G, Ghosh AK, and Jawor A, Interfacial polymerization of thin film nanocomposites A new concept for reverse osmosis membranes, Journal of Membrane Science 2007, 294, 1-7. 

S. Sorribas, P. Gorgojo, C. TeUez, J. Coronas, A.G. Livingston, High flux thin film nanocomposite membranes based on metal-organic frameworks for organic solvent nanofil-tration. Journal of the American Chemical Society 135 (2013) 15201—15208. 

M. Peyravi, M. Jahanshahi, A. Rahimpour, A. Javadi, S. Hajavi, Novel thin film nanocomposite membranes incorporated with functionalized Ti02 nanoparticles for organic solvent nanofiltration, Chemical Engineering Journal 241 (2014) 155-166. 

Tang et al fabricated CNCs (4-24% v/v) and epoxy resin-based thermosetting thin film nanocomposites by using solvent casting method followed by curing. CNCs with aspect ratios of 10 and 84 were isolated from cotton and trmicates, respectively. The... 

Q. 2006 -Thin-film nanocomposite membrane developed at UCLA... 

Kim E, Hwang G, El-Din GM, Liu Y. Development of nanosilver and multi-walled carbon nanotubes thin-film nanocomposite membrane for enhanced water treatment J Membr Sci 2012 394-395 37-48. 

You H, Li X, Yang Y, Wang BY, Li ZX, Wang XF, Zhu MF, Hsiao BS (2013) High flux low pressure thin film nanocomposite ultrafiltration membranes based on nanofibrous substrates. SepPurifTechnol 108 143-151... 

In this section, we discuss the influence of confinement on the physical aging response of polymers. The discussion is organized in terms of the type of confinement, i.e., thin films, nanocomposites and nanoparticles. We also briefly discuss contributions from simulations. We conclude with a summary and our thoughts on future studies. 

With these considerations in mind, the development of fabrication methods permitting to finely tune materials properties, based on the control of the adsorption kinetics of polymer chains onto a supporting substrate (thin films, nanocomposites, nanotubes, nanospheres,) could be explored. Noteworthy, this type of processing does not require a modification of the interfacial chemistry. The previous examples, in fact, show the feasibility of modifying the properties of a thin polymer layer without changing its thickness or its supporting substrate. 

In some other successful examples, zeolite nanoparticles have been incorporated into a polymer matrix to form a thin-film nanocomposite RO membrane and to create a preferential flow path for water molecules, leading to enhanced water transport through the membrane [64,65]. Use of zeolite in the development of TFN for RO was first reported by Hoek and co-workers [66]. Similarly, Jeong et al. [64] prepared a thin-film RO nanocomposite membrane by interfacial in situ polymerization on porous polysulfone support, in which NaA zeolite nanoparticles were incorporated into a thin PA film. Introduction of zeolite nanoparticles into a conventional PA RO thin film has enhanced flux to more than double of the conventional membrane with a salt rejection of 99.7%, which is attributed to the smoother and more hydrophilic negatively charged surface. Silica nanoparticles of various sizes have also been incorporated into a PA polymer matrix for RO desalination [67]. Presence of silica nanoparticles was found to remarkably modify the PA network structure, and subsequently the pore structure and transport properties with only 1-2 wt% of silica, a membrane was fabricated with significantly enhanced flux and salt rejection. 

B. Hofs, R. Schurer, D.J.H. Harmsen, C. Ceccarelli, E.F. Beerendonk, E.R. Cornelissen. Characterization and performance of a commercial thin film nanocomposite seawater reverse osmosis membrane and comparison with a thin film composite. Journal of Membrane Science 446 (2013) 68-78. 

M.L. Lind, D.E. Suk, T.V. Nguyen, E.M.V. Hoek, Tailoring the structure of thin film nanocomposite membranes to achieve seawater RO membrane performance. Environmental Science Technology 44 (2010) 8230-8235. 

M. Amini, M. Jahanshahi, A. Rahimpour. Synthesis of novel thin film nanocomposite (TFN) forward osmosis membranes using functionahzed multi-waUed carbon nanotubes, Journal of Membrane Science 435 (2013) 233-241. 

B. Rajaeian, A. Rahimpour, M.O. Tade, S. Liu. Fabrication and characterization of polyamide thin film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofiltration membrane impregnated with Ti02 nanoparticles. Desalination 313 (2013) 176-188. 

M.L. Lind, B.H. Jeong, A. Subramani, X. Huang, E.M.V. Hoek, Effect of mobile cation on zeolite-polyamide thin film nanocomposite membranes. Journal of Materials Research 24 (2009) 1624-1631. 

Nanoparticles have a proven potential as constituents in membrane synthesis to improve the membrane performance. Several methods have been applied to produce mixed matrix membranes with nanoparticles with variable success. Part of the uncertainties might be related to the unknown thermodynamics of the systems for some methods, in particular the bulk addition method. The self-assembly method may be insufficiently stable in longterm operation, but this can be improved using the layer-by-layer approach. A promising alternative is the approach in which nanoparticles are anchored on the membrane surface, as found in thin-film nanocomposites or by adhering nanoparticles using polydopamine. 

Lind, M.L., Ghosh, A.K., Jawor, A., Huang, X., Hon, W., Yang, Y, and Hoek, E.M.V. 2009a. Influence of zeolite crystal size on zeohte-polyamide thin film nanocomposite membranes. Langmuir 25(17), 10139-10145. 

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