Comb electrodes

Tyszczuk K, Korolczuk M (2010) Analysis of organic compounds using an in situ plated lead film electrode. Comb Chem High Throughput Screening 13 753-757... 

Comb copolymers, 7 610t Combed yarn, 11 178 Combes synthesis, of quinolines, 21 189 Combicat, 7 387, 392 Combinational libraries, 7 382 characterization, 7 404-405 composition gradient libraries, 7 407 design, 7 399-400 fabrication, 7 414-419 temperature gradient libraries, 7 407—408 thickness gradient libraries, 7 406 Combination electrodes, 14 30 Combination vaccines, 25 504-505 Combinatorial biology, 16 414 Combinatorial biosynthesis, 15 301-302, 305... 

The ohmic series resistance is determined by the geometrical layout of the capacitor as well as by the conductance of its electrodes. The electrochemically etched array of straight pores produces a comb-like electrode structure and gives very low values of electrical series resistance (ESR) for the capacitor chip. 

Fig. 12 Direct currents of DNA-aligned films (5x5 mm, thickness 20 5 pm) on a comb-type electrode (distance between the two electrodes 5 pm) at 25 °C in a dry box. a The film prepared from the long DNA strands (10 pm, 30000 bps) and b the film prepared from the short DNA strands (0.2 pm, 500 bps) placed perpendicular to the two electrodes...

Fig. 15 Photo-induced current of aligned-DNA films (20 x 10 mm, thickness 30 5 irm) in which one acridine orange intercalates per ca. 10 base-pairs, a At 0.01 V, b 0.05 V, and c 0.1 V of applied voltage to the comb electrodes, in which the DNA strands are aligned perpendicular to the two electrodes, d DNA strands in the film placed parallel to the two electrodes at 0.1 V applied voltage. The pulse light above 380 nm was irradiated from a 150 W xenon lamp at 25 °C...

Important Remove the comb after filling the electrophoresis chambers with electrode buffer and remove air bubbles within the slots. ... 

Fig. 6 a Schematic drawing of the measured sample, with DNA molecules combed between Re/G electrodes on a mica substrate, b AFM image showing DNA molecules combed on the Re/C bilayer. The large vertical arrow indicates the direction of the solution flow, used to deposit the DNA. The small arrows point towards the combed molecules. Note the forest structure of the carbon film, c DC resistance as a function of temperature on a large temperature scale for three different samples, showing the power law behavior down to 1 K (from [60], with permission Copyright 2001 by Science)... 

Fig. 9.20 Comb-type bipolar electrodes for zinc-chlorine batteries (a) bipolar stack (b) unit cell...

A three-dimensional device was obtained by an hybrid assembly of comb-like multishank electrodes. The final structure resembled a bed of nails [69,70]. The array contains 256 electrodes with a lateral and horizontal spacing of 120 pm and 150 pm, respectively (Fig. 10). The assembly was sealed with glass and was implanted into the subarachnoidal space without any significant tissue damage. 

Detector elements 11 are formed on a ceramic substrate 1. Each detector element includes a photosensitive zone 9, an output terminal 4 and a common terminal S. The detector elements are arranged in an array protruding from a common metal line 3, which is connected to a terminal pad 6. The terminal electrodes and the common metal line are formed on a comb-like patterned photo-conductive layer 2. An aperture plate 7 of silicon or ZnS having apertures 8 formed therein by an anisotropic etching method is prepared. The purpose of the aperture plate is to restrict the field of view of the photosensitive zones. An auxiliary electrode 30 is formed on the aperture plate. When the aperture plate is assembled with the substrate using an adhesive, the auxiliary electrode is pressed against the common metal line and the common terminal, which together reduce the electrical resistance. 

A comb-shaped imager having double layer metal electrodes is shown in JP-A-61251167. 

This mass separator is a new type, especially accommodated to be compatible with the 2V2-D geometries available in this fabrication process. The synchronous ion shield (SIS) analyzer selects the mass, for which the filter is transparent, by a traveling high frequency rectangular pulse stream (rise and fall time <1 ns) of a swept frequency (0-270 MHz), which is supplied to a comb shaped electrode arrangement. 

Fig. 5a and b. a) Top view of comb electrodes, b) Cross-Section where the insulating substrate is much thicker than the electrode spacing... 

Fig. 6. Cross-Section of microdielectrometer sensor. The silicon dioxide insulator is much thinner than the electrode spacing. Y(eo) is the comb electrode admittance CL is the capacitance between the floating electrode and the substrate.

Fig. 8. Schematic top view of actual microdielectrometer sensor, illustrating the comb electrode structure, field effect transistors and thermal diode temperature indicator. (Reprinted with permission of Micromet Instruments, Inc.)...

As described in Section 2.2.3, the microdielectrometer calibration 12) is similar to that of comb electrodes. Based on the accuracy of the amplitude and phase measurement electronics, the e" sensitivity of the microdielectrometer is about 0.01 7), which for a medium having a dielectric permittivity of 4 corresponds to a tan 5 sensitivity of less than 0.003. At a frequency of 0.1 Hz, an e" sensitivity of 0.01 corresponds to a conductivity sensitivity of about 1 x 10 16 (Q-cm)-1. However, the accuracy of the microdielectrometry calibration at these conductivity levels has not been rigorously established. 

It is common practice, either to bring the sample tan 8X within the range of a particular instrument, or for convenience in removing electrodes from the sample, to insert a thin blocking layer or release layer between the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor, or across the surface of a comb electrode. In both cases, the added blocking layer thickness completely changes the characteristic of the observed cure data. 

After the stacking gel has polymerized for at least 30 min, the sample comb is removed and the upper and lower reservoir chambers are filled with Electrode Buffer (25 mM Tris-HCl, 192 mM glycine, 0.1% SDS, pH 8.3). The samples are prepared by mixing four parts of sample with one part of 5X Sample Buffer (175 mM Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 11% SDS, 0.14% bromophenol blue, 55% glycerol, +2 M DTT). The samples are heated at 95°-100° C for 2-5 min. Each sample well is rinsed with Electrode Buffer before applying the samples to individual wells. The gel s electrodes are then connected to the power supply and the gels are run at a constant current of 40 mA per gel until the tracking dye reaches the bottom of the gel ( 4 hr). 

Add 0.5X TBE buffer to the upper and lower buffer chambers. Remove the comb from the gel. Connect the negative electrode (cathode) to the top buffer chamber and the positive... 

Conventional humidity sensors of the electric resistance variable type use hydrocarbon polyelectrolyte as a moisture sensing material. Therefore, the sensors usually have insufficient heat resistance, and cannot be used at temperatures of 60°C or more. Another problem is that they deteriorate when in contact with cigarette smoke and oil contained in the air [64,65]. When the fluorinated pitch-deposited coating was breathed upon, the electrical resistance quickly decreased, but electrical resistance quickly recovered when this action was stopped. Then, how to develop a humidity sensor excelling in humidity response sensitivity, heat resistance and durability was attempted [66]. Two kinds of comb-like electrodes with different electrode gaps were made, and a thin film was formed on the surfaces by vacuum deposition of fluorinated pitch. The obtained fluorinated pitch sensors were left at rest in a thermostatic chamber, and electrical resistance was determined under the following conditions. 

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