Electrochemistry basic principles

Hertz, H. G., Electrochemistry—A Reformulation of Basic Principles, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1980. 

Whenever you start a car, use a battery-powered device, apply a rust inhibitor to a piece of metal, or use bleach to whiten your clothes, you deal with some aspect of electrochemistry. Electrochemistry is that branch of science that involves the interaction of electrical energy and chemistry. Many of our daily activities use some form of electrochemistry. Just imagine how your life would be in a world without batteries. What immediately comes to mind is the loss of power for our portable electronic devices. While this would certainly be an inconvenience, consider the more critical needs of those with battery-powered wheelchairs, hearing aids, or heart pacemakers. In this chapter, we examine the basic principles of electrochemistry and some of their applications in our lives. 

The focus of this edition remains the same as that for the first, namely, to make electrochemistry an attractive, useful characterization methodology for chemists [comparable to infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS)]. The goal is to outline the basic principles and modem methodology of electrochemistry in such a way that the uninitiated may gain sufficient background to use electrochemical methods for the study of chemical systems. Thus chemical problems that are amenable to an electrochemical approach are introduced as representative examples. 

The goal of this volume is to provide (1) an introduction to the basic principles of electrochemistry (Chapter 1), potentiometry (Chapter 2), voltammetry (Chapter 3), and electrochemical titrations (Chapter 4) (2) a practical, up-to-date summary of indicator electrodes (Chapter 5), electrochemical cells and instrumentation (Chapter 6), and solvents and electrolytes (Chapter 7) and (3) illustrative examples of molecular characterization (via electrochemical measurements) of hydronium ion, Br0nsted acids, and H2 (Chapter 8) dioxygen species (02, OJ/HOO-, HOOH) and H20/H0 (Chapter 9) metals, metal compounds, and metal complexes (Chapter 10) nonmetals (Chapter 11) carbon compounds (Chapter 12) and organometallic compounds and metallopor-phyrins (Chapter 13). The later chapters contain specific characterizations of representative molecules within a class, which we hope will reduce the barriers of unfamiliarity and encourage the reader to make use of electrochemistry for related chemical systems. 

As most scientists involved in these applications are materials scientists rather than electrochemists, Chapter 1 introduces the basic principles in electrochemistry and the methods. Chapter 2 describes the different forms of traditional sp2 carbons and Chapter 3 introduces novel techniques and processes for preparing advanced carbons. 

Volume 17 H. G. Hertz Electrochemistry. A Reformulation of the Basic Principles. 1980.44 figures. X 254 pages. ISBN 3-540-10008-3... 

Introduction Some basic principles of hydrodynamics for electrochemistry... 

With the development of solid-state semiconductor devices (diodes, transistors), semiconductor/solution interfaces [24] became a subject of scientific interest. Since the 1960s, semiconductor electrochemistry and photo-electrochemistry has become established as an independent subdiscipline in electrochemical science. The basic principles and summaries of experimental results can be found in review papers and textbooks [25]. Here, we will introduce the subject by comparing simple electron transfer at a metal with that at a semiconductor electrode. 

In the present chapter, the main focus will be on the most common electrochemical techniques and methods used in the elucidation of reaction mechanisms. In general, it is possible from a quantitative analysis of the relation between current and potential to formulate even complex reaction mechanisms that incorporate preceding and/or follow-up reactions. A part of this text is devoted specifically to the description of the procedures used in the extraction of standard potentials and rate constants once the mechanism is known. However, before a discussion of the individual techniques can be accomplished, an introduction to the basic concepts in electrochemistry seems appropriate. For obvious reasons, this part can only be of limited length in a chapter, and for the reader who would appreciate a more detailed description of the basic principles, we recommend the book of Bard and Faulkner [1]. 

The related processes for metal deposition include electroless deposition, immersion plating, and electro-forming. They follow the basic principles of electrochemistry. 

The text largely contains fundamental material and focuses on understanding the basic principles rather than learning factual information. Since it is impossible to include all branches of surface science in such an introductory book because of its wide and multidisciplinary scope, a specific and narrow topic, the interfacial interactions between solids and liquids, has been chosen for this book. For this reason, the ionic interactions, charged polymers, electrochemistry, electrokinetics and the colloid and particulate sciences cannot be included. Some fundamental physical chemistry subjects such as basic thermodynamics are covered, and many equations are derived from these basic concepts throughout the book in order to show the links between applied surface equations and the fundamental concepts. This is lacking in most textbooks and applied books in surface chemistry, and for this reason, this book can be used as a textbook for a course of 14-15 weeks. 

The main focus of this chapter, therefore, is on novel strategies that exploit nanoscale architectures to enhance the efficiency of alternative energy conversion and storage devices and on the basic principles of electrochemistry governing the... 

The first subdiscipline of chemistry in which the QCM was widely applied was electrochemistry. In 1992 Buttry and Ward published a review entitled Measurement of interfacial processes at electrode surfaces with the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance , with 133 references [8]. This is the most widely cited paper on quartz crystal microbalances. After presenting the basic principles of AT-cut quartz resonators, the authors discuss the experimental aspects and relation of electrochemical parameters to QCM frequency changes. In their review of the investigation of thin films, they discuss electrodeposition of metals, dissolution of metal films, electrovalency measurements of anion adsorption, hydrogen absorption in metal films, bubble formation, and self-assembled monolayers. The review concludes with a brief section on redox and conducting polymer films. 

This article first briefly surveys the history of Raman spectroscopy applied to electrochemistry, followed by a brief outline of the basic principles of surface Raman spectroscopy. The SERS phenomena and mechanisms are then introduced. This is followed by a detailed description of Raman instrumentation, and the... 

Hertz HG (1980) Lecture notes in chemistry, vol 17. Electrochemistry - A reformulation of the basic principles. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York... 

This entry is a short tutorial on the basics of electrochemistry that is applied to CEC columns. Because the typical CEC columns consist of a packed and an open segment, their individual electrochemical properties are quite different. The application of basic principles of electricity (Ohm s law) and knowledge of the lengths and cross-sectional area of the capillary are all that is necessary to calculate most of the basic electrochemical properties of... 

Kapalka K, Foti G, Comninellis Ch (2010) Basic principles of the electrochemical mineralization of organic pollutants for wastewater treatment. In Comninellis Ch, Chen G (eds) Electrochemistry for the environment. Springer, New York... 

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