Nanoscale architectures

The nanoreplication of functional nanostructures has also been achieved through other block copolymer-templated structures. De Boer et al. [35] applied honeycomb-structured films of rod-coil block copolymer as patterned templates to replicate hexagonally packed arrays of aluminum cups on the substrate surfaces (Fig. 10b). Nguyen et al. [237] embedded semiconducting polymers in the channels of oriented hexagonal nanoporous silica and used this nanoscale architecture to control the energy transfer for potential optoelectronic applications. 

Styrolux is an example of a nanostructured polymer which is used in food packaging. It is a polystyrene-polybutadiene block copolymer where polymer chains are build up of alternating polystyrene and polybutadiene blocks. These blocks appear as dark lamellae in the TEM image due to the staining of the polybutadiene with OSO4. This structured nanoscale architecture of the pol5mier, which can be controlled during manufacture, allows the optimum combination of impact resistance and transparency. 

The great synthetic potential of the covalent linkage of catenanes and rotaxanes via sulfonamide groups in such a way enables the chemist to construct larger topologically interesting assemblies and to aim at nanoscale architectures. 

Molecular Metal Oxides and Clusters as Building Blocks for Functional Nanoscale Architectures and Potential Nanosystems... 

Various nanoscale architecture can be designed, including solid spheres, hollow spheres, tubes, porous particles, solid particles, and branched structures (Table 2).To achieve such nanostructures, different fabrication methods are used depending on the types of material. The methods used for nanoscale assembly include molecular self-assembly, bioaggregation, nanomanipulation, photochemical patterning, molecular imprinting, layer-by-layer electrsostatic deposition, and vapor deposition. 

Recent HT studies on DNA suggest that the double helix is able to act as a hole conductor, and that its conducting ability may be fine-tuned by altering the location and density of G sites in the helix. These findings offer the possibility of using DNA as a charge transport device in nanoscale architecture. This is an important challenge to be met in the near future Hopefully, this review will inspire chemists from various areas to pursue not only applications of ET processes but also those fundamental issues of ET theory that still need to be resolved [208]. 

The main focus of this chapter, therefore, is on novel strategies that exploit nanoscale architectures to enhance the efficiency of alternative energy conversion and storage devices and on the basic principles of electrochemistry governing the... 

Lehn describes Supramolecular Chemistry as the chemistry of inter-molecular bonds, which involves recognition, transformation and translocation of information [1] beyond the elementary structures of individual molecules. Rapidly expanding at the interdisciplinary frontiers of chemical science with physical and biological phenomena, supramolecular chemistry has opened up a broad range of activities to create and fabricate diverse nanoscale architectures via recognition, which impUes the storage and read-out of molecular... 

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