Electro spraying

Mann, M., and Wilm, M., 1995. Electro.spray ma.ss. spectrometry for protein characterization. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 20 219-224. A review of die ba.sic application of ma.ss. spectrometric methods to the analysis of protein. sequence and. structure. 

The hydrophilic Au SR (RSH = GSH, h-GSH, (PG)SH, (SA)SH) clusters were ionized by the ESI method [15,16,18,23,24] (Figures 2 and 3c). The details of the ESI source are depicted in Figure 3c, together with typical pressures of the chambers under operation. A 50%(v/v) water-methanol solution of the fractionated Au SR cluster with a typical concentration of 0.5mg/mL was electro-sprayed into the ambient atmosphere through the stainless steel needle of a syringe biased at ca. — 3kV. The solution was delivered by a syringe pump (SP310I, World Precision... 

The high sulfur-containing feedstock and the biocatalyst, usually suspended in the aqueous phase have to be contacted with each other in a bioreactor. A homogeneous, continuous phase would be preferred, which would imply formation of an emulsion, preferably a microemulsion. Several bioreactor designs have been suggested for biodesulfurization of petroleum feedstocks including impeller-mixed systems [65,202], electro-spray bioreactor [220,261,262], and draft tube air-lift bioreactor [263],... 

Design and development of an electro spray bioreactor was reported and its suitability for biodesulfurization applications was demonstrated [261], Mixing oil with water in large bioreactors requires significant energy input for classical impeller-based reactors. The electro spray bioreactor (ESB) was developed from an emulsion phase contactor... 

Kaufman, E. N. Harkins, J. B., and Borole, A. P., Comparison of Batch-Stirred and Electro-Spray Reactors for Biodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene in Crude Oil and Hydrocarbon Feedstocks. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 1998. 73(2-3) pp. 127-144. 

Further improvements in retrospectivity and detection limits will hinge on future enhancements of sensitivity and resolution of electro-spray mass spectrometry instruments and of several hybrid configurations. 

For capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) mass spectrometry coupling, another modification of an ESI interface has been developed. This interface uses a sheath flow of liquid to make the electrical contact at the CZE terminus, thus defining both the CZE and electrospray field gradients. This way, the composition of the electro sprayed liquid can be controlled independently of the CZE buffer, thereby providing operation with buffers that could not be used previously, e.g., aqueous and high ionic strength buffers. In addition, the interface operation becomes independent of the CZE flow rate. [62]... 

Smyth, W. E, and Brooks, P. (2004). A critical evaluation of high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-electro-spray-mass spectrometry for the detection and determination of small molecules of signiflcance in clinical and forensic science. Electrophoresis 25, 1413—1446. 

The use of diisoprop anolamine in the synthesis of the hyperbranched poly-esteramide resins has led to defined molecules according to the predicted structures (Fig. 7) as confirmed by MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time Of Flight) and ESI (Electro Spray Ionization) mass spectra... 

Polymeric stationary phases have many advantages when polymerized in capillaries (diameter < 0.5 mm) as rods in the presence of porogens to yield channels for mobile phase transport. They are frequently used in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids when directly coupled to electro spray mass spectrometry. 

Vivas, N. et al.. Differentiation of proanthocyanidin tannins from seeds, skins and stems of grapes Vitis vinifera) and heartwood of Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and thioacidolysis/liquid chromatography/electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim. Acta, 513, 247, 2004. 

ESI tandem MS stands for electro spray ionization mass spectrometry performed in multistage. This technique is conducted based on the production of multiply charged ions from proteins and peptides. In this technique, ionization procedure is carried out within the instrument. Three types of mass analyzers are used individually or in combination. 

ERH equilibrium relative humidity ESI electro spray ionization FAB/MS fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry... 

The stoichiometry of the extracted M(III) complexes differs from that of the above-mentioned BTP ligands in that M L2 complexes (instead of M L3 complexes) have been identified by various techniques (e.g., X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, electro-spray ionization mass-spectrometry, and slope analysis in liquid-liquid extraction). 

The mass spectrometry portion of the analysis was carried out by coupling a Bruker Esquire ion-trap mass spectrometer to the LC-NMR system with a 20 1 splitter. The major portion of the flow was directed to the NMR system while the minor fraction went to the mass spectrometer. The system was plumbed such that the sample reached the mass spectrometer and the UV detector at the same time. In this configuration, it is possible to use the mass spectrometer as an intelligent detector, thus allowing stop-flow experiments to be initiated on the basis of observed molecular ions or daughter ion fragments. Data were acquired with electro-spray ionization (ESI) in the positive-ion mode. 

Fig. 3. Electro spray ionization mass spectrometry of the product generated by recombinant GalNAcT. Spectra were acquired in the negative mode. The molecular weight of globotetraose is 706.8. The ion peak at m/z 705.83 is attributed to the molecular ion M-H] of globotetraose.

Trimethylguanine Dimethyl sulfoxide Electro spray ionization mass... 

Alonso, M.C., E. Pocurull, R.M. Marce, F. Borrull, and D. Barcelo. 2002. Monitoring of aromatic monosulfonic acids in coastal waters by ion-pair liquid chromatography followed by electro spray-mass spectrometric detection. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21 2059-2066. 

Li, J., Thibault, P., Bings, N.H., Skinner, C.D., Wang, C., Colyer, C., Harrison, D.J., Integration of microfabricated devices to capillary electrophoresis-electro-spray mass spectrometry using a low dead volume connection Application to rapid analyses of proteolytic digests. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 3036-3045. 

Organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides LC-MS with thermospray or electro spray interface sub ppb [26]... 

Theory of CEC and methodological aspects of the technique are described exhaustively in the literature [1,2,3,4,5] and in this monograph and will not be dealt with here further. In this chapter, the current status of instrumentation for CEC is reviewed. General requirements, solvent delivery, and detection will be dealt with in some detail. Coupling of CEC separation with electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) is of particular importance and is treated in a separate chapter of this monograph. 

P.A.D. Agostino, L.R. Provost and J.R. Hancock, Analysis of mustard hydrolysis products by packed capillary liquid chromatography-electro-spray mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 808, 177-184 (1998). 

P.A. D Agostino, J.R. Hancock and L.R. Provost, Packed capillary liquid chromatography-electro-spray mass spectrometry analysis of organophos-phorus chemical warfare agents, J. Chromatogr., A, 840, 289-294 (1999). 

Ling, V., Guzzetta, A.W., Canova-Davis, E., Stults, J. T., Hancock, W. S., Covey, T. R., and Shushan, B. I. (1991). Characterization of the tryptic map of recombinant DNA derived tissue plasminogen activator by high-performance liquid chromatography-electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 63, 2909-2915. 

Biochemical and Biotechnological Applications of Electro spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, pp. 21-59 (ed. A.P. Snyder), ACS Symposium Series 619, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 

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