Electric arc furnace dust

Reverberatory and blast furnaces Pot furnaces Reverberatory furnaces Blast and electric furnaces Basic O2 and electric arc furnaces Dust-handling equipment Sludge incineration Dryer... 

Concentration of 14 Regulated Elements in Electric Arc Furnace Dust... 

Grieshaber, K.W., Philipp, C.T., and Bennett, G.F., Process for recycling spent potliner and electric arc furnace dust into commercial products using oxygen enrichment, Waste Management, 14(3-4), 267-276, 1994. 

Morris, A. E., Cole, E. R., Neumeier, L.A., and O Keefe, TJ. December 1985. Treatment Options for Carbon Steel Electric Arc Furnace Dust". Proceedings-Electric Furnace Steelmaking Conference. 

Electric arc furnace dust is a listed hazardous chemical waste. This material is deemed hazardous because it contains relatively high concentrations of heavy metals. The waste consists of the emission control dust or sludge collected from electric arc furnaces during the manufacture of iron and steel. The principle chemicals of concern and their concentrations are listed in Table 7.5 (EPA, 1988). 

Introduction to Analysis. All previous examples involved waste in which radionuclides were assumed to be the only hazardous substances. However, the contaminants of concern in electric arc furnace dust include chemicals that induce stochastic and deterministic effects. Furthermore, the deterministic chemicals affect different organs, and some affect more than one organ. 

Table 7.5—Concentrations of hazardous chemicals in untreated, high-zinc electric arc furnace dust waste.

Table 7.7- -Slope factors for metals that induce stochastic effects in electric arc furnace dust. ...

As indicated in Table 7.6, all hazardous chemicals in electric arc furnace dust are assumed to induce deterministic responses. The possible responses include renal toxicity, effects on the cardiovascular system, dermal or ocular effects, decrease in body weight, hepatic toxicity, and respiratory toxicity. Decrease in body weight is not a response in a particular organ but is assumed to be a health effect of concern. All deterministic responses are assumed to be induced by more than one chemical in the waste. Furthermore, some of the chemicals (barium, beryllium, chromium, and lead) are assumed to induce all responses. 

The example analyses for electric arc furnace dust in Section 7.1.7 and a hazardous chemical waste in Section 7.1.8 lead to an important conclusion about these particular wastes. The concentrations of heavy metals, especially lead, in the electric arc furnace waste clearly are sufficiently high that long-term exposure to the waste by an inadvertent intruder may need to be precluded in order to ensure that deterministic effects would not occur. In addition, for either waste, the stochastic risk that could result from unrestricted release of a disposal site might exceed acceptable levels, due to the concentrations of heavy metals that induce stochastic effects. Both of these factors indicate that these wastes may be classifiable as low-hazard only if perpetual control would be maintained over near-surface disposal sites to prevent long-term exposures of inadvertent intruders. Such a conclusion also was obtained in the example of uranium mill tailings discussed in Section 7.1.5. 

As Europe has a vast steel industry, there is more furnace dust generated compared to Waelz kiln capacity and as a consequence, some electric arc furnace dust is still landfilled. The addition of primary batteries to the feed within these facilities increases the prospect of the dust being taken for recycling by the Waelz kiln operators. 

D.K. Xya and C.A. Pickles, Extraction of Non-ferrous Metals from Electric Arc Furnaces Dust , Waste Processing and Recycling in Mineral Metallurgical Industries III. S.R. Rao, L.M. Amaratunga, G.G. Richards and P.D. Kondos, Eds., Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Montreal, Canada, 1998,221-245. 

During the eighties and the begiiuiing of the nineties, the original ZINCEX process was refined and simplified (4,5), resulting in the modified ZINCEX process, MZP. The MZP was experimentally confirmed and demonstrated within an European Union research project called Recuperation of Zinc from Secondary Materials that was carried out in collaboration with other European companies. In the early 90 s the application of the MZP to the treatment of electric arc furnace dusts produced by members of the Elansa consortium of Spanish steel companies was explored (6-12). 

G. Diaz, D. Martin and C. Lombera, An Environmentally Safer and Profitable Solution to the Electric Arc Furnace Dust , Paper presorted at the 4th European Electric Steel Congress. Madrid, 1992. 

Electric arc furnace dust is a byproduct of the electric steelmaking industry and is produced in large quantities arormd the world (17). The safe disposal of such a byproduct is expensive and continues to be a serious concern in many countries throughout the world. A cement composition has been disclosed comprising (17,18) ... 

The cement compositions containing electric arc furnace dust are capable of exhibiting an improved early compressive strength and workability (17). 

E.M. Al-Mutlaq, Use of non-chloride cement accelerator and electric arc furnace dust in cement, US Patent 9278888, assigned to Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (Riyadh, SA), March 8,2016. 

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