EGDMA polymer

Scheme 15.3 Noncovalent imprinting of L-phenylalanine anilide in a methacrylic acid (MAA)/ethylene glycol dimethylcrylate (EGDMA) polymer matrix. Adapted from Sellergren et al. (1998). Copyright 1988 American Chemical Society.

McNiven et al. [22] first demonstrated this guest directed chemical modification strategy. In their studies, an MAA/EGDMA polymer imprinted with testosterone (Fig. 3) was partially esterified with methyl iodide (Mel) and 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0) undec-7-ene (DBU) both in the presence and absence of the... 

Figure 2 (a) Schematic illustration of a photo-DSC device (left) and a typical heat flow curve obtained during light exposure (right). In this plot, fp indicates the time to reach the maximum polymerization, (b) DSC thermal scan for photo-cross-linked HEMA-EGDMA polymer. Solid and dashed lines represent first and second runs, respectively. The exothermic peak indicates the thermal polymerization of the unreacted monomers. 

With an EGDMA polymer matrix (Scheme 128), polymer 311 afforded the epoxidation of 1-phenylcyclohex-l-ene with a high ee (91%) at 49% conversion. With the soluble Jacobsen catalyst, 92% cc and 72% conversion were observed [192-193]. 

HayeSep T EGDMA polymer 165 greatest water retention determination of formaldehyde in water. 

Lin et al used MIP-type stationary phases embedded into a simple polyacrylamide gel for chiral CEC-separations. L-phenylalanine imprinted MAA-EGDMA-polymer particles were able to achieve a baseline resolution of the corresponding D- and L-enantiomers, with the template molecule again occurring as the second, broader peak. The authors used a particle... 

Hoffman and his coworkers have done a lot of work on the apphcation of radiation-induced graft polymerization for medical apphcation. The hydrophilic polymers that have been used for radiation-induced grafting are Al-vinyl pyrohdone (NVP), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), acrylamide (AAm), acrylic acid (AAc), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and ethyl methacrylate (EMA) onto sihcone rubber were widely smdied. 

Fig. 11. Representative GC-traces of spiked human plasma subjected to (top) MI-SPE and (bottom) SPE with a non-imprinted control polymer. Plasma was spiked with 160 nmol/1 bupivacaine. MIP was composed of MAA and EGDMA and imprinted with pentycaine as a structural analogue to bupivacaine. Reprinted with permission from Andersson LI (2000) Analyst 125 1515. Copyright 2000 The Royal Society of Chemistry...

Fig. 14. Application of an AT-benzylisopropylamine imprinted MAA/EGDMA copolymer as catalyst for the dehydrofluorination of 4-fluoro-4-(p-nitrophenyl)-2-butanone in a batch reactor. Given is the substrate concentration versus time. The reaction was carried out at 50° C in 10 ml of a mixture of water and acetonitrile 1 1 (v/v), containing 5 mg of the substrate 4-fluoro-4-(p-nitrophenyl)-2-butanone (i. e., a final concentration of 2.4 mmol/1) and 500 mg MIP or non-im-printed control polymer (CP). Top use of MIP, 1. experiment ( ), 2. experiment ( ). Bottom use of CP, 1. experiment ( ), 2. experiment ( ). Reprinted with permission from Briiggemann O (2001) Anal Chim Acta 435 197. Copyright 2001 Elsevier Science...

Copolymeriziation of polystyrene-bound dicyanoketene acetal (DCKA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) yielded a polymer (41) with high n -acidity. It was found to be an effective and completely recyclable catalyst in the high yielding carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction of dimethylacetals with silylated nucleophiles (Scheme 4.26) [118]. 

Figure 15.1 Examples of common cioss-liiikers used in the preparation of molecular imprinted polymers ethylene glycol dimethylcrylate (EGDMA) divinyl benzene (DVB), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM), VA -methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), and V,0-bismethacryloyl ethanolamine (NOBE).

The assay solvent must be selected to maximize the differences between the amount of probe bound to the MIP and to the NIP (or the CP), considered to be entirely non-specific. When the assay is optimized in aqueous solutions, a small amount of nonionic surfactant such as Triton X-100 (0.5%, w/v) or miscible organic solvents, such as ethanol, may be added to increase polymer wettability. The additive may also help to reduce hydrophobic interactions, especially for MIPs based on ethylenglycoldimethacrylate (EGDMA) or divinylbenzene (DVB) [5], Competitive assays are usually carried out only with the MIP, although it is advisable to check that no competition is observed when the NIP/CP is used instead. 

An MIP-QCM chemosensor for determination of carbamate pesticides, such as carbaryl, has been devised [130]. The chemosensor featured a thin film of PVC, containing carbaryl-imprinted polymer microspheres, which was deposited on top of the gold-sputtered quartz crystal transducer. The microspheres were prepared by thermo-induced co-polymerization in ACN of MAA and EGDMA, used as the functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively, in the presence of carbaryl and AIBN serving as the template and initiator, respectively. The chemosensor performance was evaluated for determination of carbaryl exhibiting the linear concentration range of 10-1000 ng mL-1 in the Britton-Robinson buffer of pH = 8.0. This chemosensor was highly stable. It selectively discriminated carbaryl from its structural counterparts, such as carbofuran and aldicarb, with LOD of 1.25 ng mL-1 carbaryl. 

A multi-microsensor array of potentiometric MIP chemosensors has been devised for determination of a serotonin neurotransmitter [180]. In the toluene porogenic solvent solution, the MAA functional monomer and the EGDMA cross-linker were polymerized in the presence of the serotonin hydrochloride template (Table 6). Subsequently, the resulting MIPs were immobilized on a plasma polymer layer by swelling and polymerization. Plasma polymerization was performed using styrene or ethylbenzene as the monomer. The chemosensor fabricated that way was appreciably responsive to serotonin while selectivity to serotonin analogues, like acetaminophen... 

An inert polymer matrix, such as PVC, embedding MIP particles has been used for devising a potentiometric chemosensor for MPA [150]. These particles were prepared by thermo-radical polymerization using MAA, EGDMA and AIBN as the functional monomer, cross-linker and initiator, respectively, in a chloroform-(carbon tetrachloride) solution. For immobilization of the MIP particles on the electrode surface, dioctyl phthalate or 2-nitrophenyloctylether was used as the PVC film plasticizer in order to add tensile strength to the matrix. LOD of the chemosensor fabricated that way was appreciably lower than those of the other MIP chemosensors for MPA [181] and equal to 0.05 pM MPA [150]. 

Recently, a parathion-selective voltammetric MIP chemosensor was designed [205]. The parathion-imprinted polymer particles were prepared by polymerization of an MAA functional monomer, EGDMA cross-linker and AIBN initiator. Subsequently, the powdered MIP particles were blended with a graphite powder, in the presence of n-icosane. to form an (MlP)-(carbon paste) (MIP-CP) electrode. After removal of the template, MIP-CP much more selectively rebound parathion than the (non-imprinted imprinted polymer)-(carbon paste) carbon paste (NIP-CP) electrode. Recognition ability of the MIP-CP electrode was very high compared to that of the NIP-CP electrode. The chemosensor response was calibrated in the linear range of 1.7-900 nM parathion and LOD was 0.5 nM [205]. This chemosensor selectively determined parathion in the presence of its structural and functional counterparts, such as paraxon, in real samples. 

Abbreviations y x AFM AIBN BuMA Ca DCP DMA DMS DSC EGDMA EMA EPDM FT-IR HDPE HTV IPN LDPE LLDPE MA MAA MDI MMA PA PAC PB PBT PBuMA PDMS PDMS-NH2 interfacial tension viscosity ratio atomic force microscopy 2,2 -azobis(isobutyronitrile) butyl methacrylate capillary number dicumyl peroxide dynamic mechanical analysis dynamic mechanical spectroscopy differential scanning calorimetry ethylene glycol dimethacrylate ethyl methacrylate ethylene-propylene-diene rubber Fourier transform-infra-red high density polyethylene high temperature vulcanization interpenetrating polymer network low density polyethylene linear low density polyethylene maleic anhydride methacrylic acid 4,4 -diphenylmethanediisocyanate methyl methacrylate poly( amide) poly( acrylate) poly(butadiene) poly(butylene terephtalate) poly(butyl methacrylate) poly(dimethylsiloxane) amino-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane)... 

Mosbach and co-workers developed a method to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers by precipitation polymerization [24]. They started from a dilute, homogenous solution of the monomer methacrylic acid (MAA) and the crosslinker trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The polymer formed in the presence of the template molecule 17/1-estradiol, theophylline, or caffeine contained a high proportion of discrete spheres of diameter less than a micron. Because the effect of coalescence becomes predominant with higher solid content of the reaction mixture, this approach is limited to solid contents of typically <2 wt%. 

To use this method for the preparation of imprinted colloids, Whitcombe et al. applied it during the shell preparation. They synthesized a copolymer network shell consisting of poly(EGDMA-co-cholesteryl (4-vinyl)phenyl carbonate) using a variety of different seed particles to build the polymer core [26]. The seed particles used were 30-45 nm in diameter and the imprinted p(EGDMA-co-CVPC) shell resulted to a thickness of about 15 nm (Fig. 3). The specific BET surface area of the core-shell particles was typically 80 m2 g... 

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