Radiation-induced graft polymerization

Radiation-induced graft polymerization may be carried out by the following procedures [69] ... 

Hoffman and his coworkers have done a lot of work on the apphcation of radiation-induced graft polymerization for medical apphcation. The hydrophilic polymers that have been used for radiation-induced grafting are Al-vinyl pyrohdone (NVP), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), acrylamide (AAm), acrylic acid (AAc), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and ethyl methacrylate (EMA) onto sihcone rubber were widely smdied. 

Odain, G. and Chandler, H.W., Radiation induced graft polymerization, in Advances in Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol. 1, Henley, E.S. and Kauts, H., Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1962, 65. 

Stone, C. 2003. Low-cost PEM based on radiation induced graft polymerization. Fifth International Symposium on New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, Montreal. 

Radiation-Induced Graft Polymerization of Flexible Polyurethane Foam... 

Radiation induced graft polymerization of vinyl monomers and fibrous polymers, Industrial uses of large radiation sources. Vol. I. p. 257.1.A.E.A. Vienna 1963. 

Seko, N., Basuki, F Tamada, M. and Yoshii, F. (2004) Rapid removal of arsenic(V) by zirconium(IV) loaded phosphoric chelate adsorbent synthesized by radiation induced graft polymerization. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 59(3), 235-41. 

Another application in macromolecular chemistry is radiation-induced graft polymerization, by which favourable properties of two polymers can be combined. In this process, copolymers of A and B are produced by irradiation of the polymer A in the presence of the monomer B. Examples are graft polymers of polyethylene and acrylic acid or of polyvinyl chloride and styrene. The properties of textiles (cellulose, wool, natural silk, polyamides, polyesters) can also be modified by graft polymerization, for example for the production of weatherproof products. 

Kiyohara S, Kim M, Toida Y, Saito K, Sugita K, and Sugo T. Selection of a precursor monomer for the introduction of affinity ligands onto a porous membrane by radiation-induced graft polymerization. J. Chromatogr. A 1997 758 209-215. 

Cellulose-water may act as a matrix and promote the development of arrays of comonomer charge transfer complexes (19). The cellulose acts not only as a substrate for such alignment but also as a complexing agent. The matrix of complexes may be represented as shown in I (styrene-methyl methacrylate) and II (butadiene-acrylonitrile). The radical-, thermal-, and radiation-induced graft polymerizations involve homopolymerization of comonomer complexes rather than copolymerization of uncomplexed monomers. 

P.A.KAVAKLI, N.SEKO, M. TAMADA, O. GUVEN, Synthesis of a new adsorbent for uptake of significant metal ions in seawater by radiation induced graft polymerization , to be published in Polymer (2004)... 

S. Tsuneda, K. Saito, H. Mitsuhara, T. Sogo, Novel ion-exchange membranes for electrodialysis prepared by radiation-induced graft polymerization, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1995, 142, 3659-3663. 

High-performance polymeric materials for separation and reaction prepared by radiation-induced graft polymerization... 

RADIATION-INDUCED GRAFT POLYMERIZATION HAS PROVIDED COMMERQAL PRODUCTS... 

Excitation sources for the production of radicals in grafting include chemicals, light, plasma, and radiation. Radiation-induced graft polymerization is superior to other grafting techniques because the high density of electron beams and gamma rays can create a large amount of radicals of arbitrary shapes of the p>olymer, such as a hollow fiber [2-41], nonwoven fabric [42] and film [43- ], and the quality of the polymer, such as polyethylene [2-41], polytetrafluoroethylene [42], and cellulose [55]. 

Radiation-induced graft polymerization can be classified into two techniques in terms of irradiation opportunity (1) simultaneous grafting, i.e., the mixture of a trunk polymer and a monomer is irradiated, and (2) preirradiation grafting, i.e., a trunk polymer is previously irradiated and then brought into contact with the monomer [56]. From a practical viewpoint, the preirradiation technique is preferable because of the negligible formation of homopolymers and easier control of the degree of polymerization. 

Insuffident characterization of the graft chains does not mean unsatisfactory materials with resped to spedfic fundionality. The high performance of fundional polymeric materials prepared by radiation-induced graft polymerization and subsequent chemical modifications has been verified experimentally. Moreover, phenomena such as multilayer binding of proteins to the graft chains [7-11,16-18] and... 

S. Tsuneda, K. Saito, T. Sugo and K. Makuuchi, Protein Adsorption Characteristics of Porous and Tentacle Anion-Exchange Membrane Prepared by Radiation-Induced Graft Polymerization, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 46 (1995) 239. 

K. Saito, S. Tsuneda, M. Kim, N. Kubota, K. Sugita andT. Sugo, Radiation-Induced Graft Polymerization is the Key to Develop High-Performance Functional Materials for Protein Purification, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 54 (1999)... 

K. Saito, S. Yamada, S. Furusaki, T. Sugo and J. Okamoto, Characteristics of Uranium Adsorption by Amidoxime Membrane Synthesized by Radiation-Induced Graft Polymerization, J. Membrane Sci., 34 (1987) 307. 

S. Kiyohara, M. Kim, Y. Toida, K. Saito, K. Sugita and T. Sugo, Selection of a Precursor Monomer for the Introduction of Affinity Ligands onto a Porous Membrane by Radiation-Induced Graft Polymerization, J. Chromatogr. A.,... 

T. Mizota, S. Tsuneda, K. Saito andT. Sugo, Hydrolysis of Methyl Acetate and Sucrose in SOjH-Group-Containing Grafted Polymer Chains Prepared by Radiation-Induced Graft Polymerization, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 33 (1994) 2215. 

M. Kim and K. Saito, Preparation of Silver-Ion-Loaded Nonwoven Fabric hy Radiation-Induced Graft Polymerization, Reactive Polym., 40 (1999) 275. 

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