Effusion analysis

Vre] Knudsen cell effusion, analysis of target by microprobe 1227°C, 11.6 and 28 at.% Fe... 

Vre] Knudsen cell effusion, analysis of target ... 

Lundin and Yamamoto (1967), employing thermal analysis, metallography. X-ray diffraction, density and hardness studies and Knudsen effusion analysis, established phase equilibria and calculated thermodynamic properties for the Sm-Y system. 

Figure B2.3.3. Crossed-moleciilar beam apparatus employed for die study of the F + D2 —> DF + D reaetion. Indieated in the figure are (1) the effusive F atom soiiree (2) slotted-disk veloeity seleetor (3) liquid-nitrogen-eooled trap (4) D2 beam souree (7) skimmer (8) ehopper (9) eross-eorrelation ehopper for produet veloeity analysis and (11) rotatable, ultralrigh-vaeuum, triply differentially pumped, mass speetrometer deteetor ehamber. Reprinted with pemrission from Lee [29], Copyright 1987 Ameriean Assoeiation for the Advaneement of Seienee.

Chomej, P., et al., Differential analysis of pleural effusions by fuzzy logic based analysis of cytokines, Respir. Med., 98, 308, 2004. 

Mass spectrometry techniques are the most usual and versatile methods for analysis of the gas [90], Here the effusing vapour is ionized by an ionization source and the product analyzed with a mass spectrometer. The different vapour species are identified and the partial pressures of all species determined. The partial pressure of species i of a compound or a solution with a specific composition is at a specific temperature ... 

The IR spectrum of the effusion gives a strong absorption peak at lT Ocm due to v(C=0) of carbonyl group. This absorption indicates that the aziridine was oxidized on the silicagel surface. Because of such a fact, silicagel can not be used for the analysis of the reaction products of aromatic nitrene with unsaturated olefines. The present experiment, therefore, was repeated by replacing silicagel with alumina. 

Respiratory Effects. Pleural effusions and alveolar infiltrations were noted in a man who had washed his hair with an unknown amount of diesel fuel (Barrientos et al. 1977). The relative contributions from inhalation and dermal exposure could not be distinguished in this case. There was no throat irritation in six volunteers following a 15-minute exposure to a concentration reported to be 140 mg/m of deodorized kerosene vapor (Carpenter et al. 1976). The authors used a hot nichrome wire for the volatilization of their test material and reported that the concentration was probably the "highest attainable concentration at which vapor analysis is representative of liquid analysis." The air saturating concentration of kerosene is considered to approximate 100 mg/m (room temperature and 760 mmHg) and is dependent on the constituents of the mixture. 

In this chapter, the rate of effusion from a source will be quantified first. Then, the analysis of the spatial distribution of species arriving at the substrate will be developed. The final section will consider the surface reaction zone where the semiconductor film is formed. 

J. Ristein, R.T. Stief, L. Ley, W. Beyer A comparative analysis of a-C H by infrared spectroscopy and mass selected thermal effusion. J. Appl. Phys. 84, 3836 (1998)... 

The effusion spectra of the sputter deposited ZnO films reveal two pronounced maxima around 420 °C and 600 °C. A detailed analysis of the spectra yielded the thickness dependence of the maxima (see Fig. 4). Both... 

For sputter deposited ZnO the H content and thus increases up to 8x 10 cm eV (see Fig. 5d). The data plotted in Fig. 5(b) show an important result. The H effusion spectra were obtained on 2 different samples with different thickness and the analysis yielded identical density-of-states distributions indicating that the method to derive the H DOS is reproducible and reliable. 

The Knudsen effusion method In conjunction with mass spectrometrlc analysis has been used to determine the bond energies and appearance potentials of diatomic metals and small metallic clusters. The experimental bond energies are reported and Interpreted In terms of various empirical models of bonding, such as the Pauling model of a polar single bond, the empirical valence bond model for certain multiply-bonded dlatomlcs, the atomic cell model, and bond additivity concepts. The stability of positive Ions of metal molecules Is also discussed. 

The gas species over solutions of hydrogen in liquid lithium were detected by mass spectrometric analysis of the saturated vapor effusing from a Knudsen cell. From the measurements of the gaseous equilibria... 

We have developed several new measurement techniques ideally suited to such conditions. The first of these techniques is a High Pressure Sampling Mass Spectrometric method for the spatial and temporal analysis of flames containing inorganic additives (6, 7). The second method, known as Transpiration Mass Spectrometry (TMS) (8), allows for the analysis of bulk heterogeneous systems over a wide range of temperature, pressure and controlled gas composition. In addition, the now classical technique of Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KMS) has been modified to allow external control of ambient gases in the reaction cell (9). Supplementary to these methods are the application, in our laboratory, of classical and novel optical spectroscopic methods for in situ measurement of temperature, flow and certain simple species concentration profiles (7). In combination, these measurement tools allow for a detailed fundamental examination of the vaporization and transport mechanisms of coal mineral components in a coal conversion or combustion environment. 

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