Transpiration mass spectrometry

We have developed several new measurement techniques ideally suited to such conditions. The first of these techniques is a High Pressure Sampling Mass Spectrometric method for the spatial and temporal analysis of flames containing inorganic additives (6, 7). The second method, known as Transpiration Mass Spectrometry (TMS) (8), allows for the analysis of bulk heterogeneous systems over a wide range of temperature, pressure and controlled gas composition. In addition, the now classical technique of Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KMS) has been modified to allow external control of ambient gases in the reaction cell (9). Supplementary to these methods are the application, in our laboratory, of classical and novel optical spectroscopic methods for in situ measurement of temperature, flow and certain simple species concentration profiles (7). In combination, these measurement tools allow for a detailed fundamental examination of the vaporization and transport mechanisms of coal mineral components in a coal conversion or combustion environment. 

Kerns = Knudsen effusion-mass spectrometry /Kete = Knudsen effusion-torsion effusion /tran = transpiration /Lang = Langmuir free evaporation /Lams = Langmuir-mass spectrometry... 

The aforementioned preliminary mass spectrometric Knudsen effusion study by Emons et al. [448], which includes also the vapor over KCl(s, 1), is complemented by Hastie s work on KCl(l) [322] using transpiration mass spectrometry. The equilibrium partial pressures of KCl(g) and (KCl)2(g) obtained by Hastie agree reasonably well with those given in the JANAF tables [90] largely based on extrapolated data of KCl(s). Equilibrium pressures of (KCl)3(g) are given for the first time [322]. 

Hastie, J.W. Bonnell, D.W. "Transpiration Mass Spectrometry A New Thermochemical Tool" In Thermochemistry and Its Applications to Chemical and Biochemical Systems Ribeiro da Silva, M. A. V. Reidel Publishing Boston, MA, 1984 183-233. 

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