Effect of organics

J. C. Harrington, Comparative Effects of Organic Mntifoulant Biocides in Marine Paints, 29th Marine and Offshore Coatings Conference, Chadeston, S.C., June 28,1989. 

This concept becomes important in determining the effects of organ pathology on clearance and on the role of blood dow to individual organs in calculating clearance rate. 

The protonation equilibria for nine hydroxamic acids in solutions have been studied pH-potentiometrically via a modified Irving and Rossotti technique. The dissociation constants (p/fa values) of hydroxamic acids and the thermodynamic functions (AG°, AH°, AS°, and 5) for the successive and overall protonation processes of hydroxamic acids have been derived at different temperatures in water and in three different mixtures of water and dioxane (the mole fractions of dioxane were 0.083, 0.174, and 0.33). Titrations were also carried out in water ionic strengths of (0.15, 0.20, and 0.25) mol dm NaNOg, and the resulting dissociation constants are reported. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of the effects of organic solvent (dioxane), temperature, and ionic strength on the protonation processes of hydroxamic acids is presented and discussed to determine the factors which control these processes. 

A variety of inorganic (31,87) and organic bases have been added to the catalyst to improve selectivity. The effectiveness of organic bases is very sensitive to structure. Morpholine is an effective inhibitor, more so than /Si-melhylmorphollne > N-elhylmorpholine > 3,5-dimethylmorpholine (55). Piperazine is effective, but ethanolamine and ethylenediamine are poisons. 

Fig. 2-14. The effect of organic modifier on retention, selectivity and resolution of methionine on teicoplanin CSP (250 x 4.6 mm). The flow rate was 1.0 mL min at ambient temperature (23 °C).

The weathering process which eventually reduces the rock of the parent material to the inorganic constituents of soil comprises both physical and chemical changes. Size reduction from rocks to the colloidal state depends not only upon the mechanical action of natural forces but also on chemical solubilisation of certain minerals, action of plant roots, and the effects of organic substances formed by biological activity. 

Mathew and Pillai observed a threefold increase in plutonium concentration at low, normal, and high carbonate concentrations when 20mg/liter of organic matter were added to sea water samples (29). Again this indicates the effect of organic complexation upon plutonium solubility in natural waters. 

Table 9. Effect of organic substituents on the solubility parameter and the glass transition temperature of an organosiloxane polymer...

Guasch H, Admiraal W, Sabater S (2003) Contrasting effects of organic and inorganic toxicants on freshwater periphyton. Aquat Toxicol 64 165... 

Kjellstrand P, Holmquist B, Jonsson I, etal Effects of organic solvents on motor activity in mice. Toxicology 35 35 6, 1983... 

Kimbrough RM, Gaines TB. 1968. Effect of organic phosphorus compounds and alkylating agents on the rat fetus. Arch Environ Health 16 805-808. 

Keeping the same format as the first edition, the text begins with coverage of the basic principles underpinning the environmental behavior and effects of organic pollutants. It then describes the properties and ecotoxicology of major pollutants and explores future prospects. In the last section, the author discusses some issues that arise after consideration of the material in the second part of the text. 

The text is divided into three parts. The first deals with the basic principles underlying the environmental behavior and effects of organic pollutants the second describes the properties and ecotoxicology of major pollutants in reasonable detail the last discusses some issues that arise after consideration of the material in the second part of the text, and looks at future prospects. The groups of compounds represented in the second part of the book are all regarded as pollutants rather than simply contaminants, because they have the potential to cause adverse biological effects at realistic environmental levels. In most cases these effects have been well documented under environmental conditions. The term adverse effects includes harmful effects upon individual organisms, as well as effects at the level of population and above. 

Class of compound Effect of organic matter pH optimum Toxioity and OES other factors... 

Grasso P. 1988. Neurotoxic and neurobehavioral effects of organic solvents on the nervous system. Occupational Medicine State of the Art Reviews. 3 525-539. 

The effect of organic ligands on the exchange reaction between Fe III) and... 

Effect of organic bridges on the royonite-immobilized lipase-cataiyzed resolution of ( )-4... 

Based on a series of studies of the effect of organic solvent on the reaction of Ca-ATPase with Pj and ATP synthesis, De Meis et al. proposed that a different solvent structure in the phosphate microenvironment in Ej and E2 forms the basis for existence of high- and low-energy forms of the aspartyl phosphate [93]. Acyl phosphates have relatively low free energy of hydrolysis when the activity of water is reduced, due to the change of solvation energy. The covalently bound phosphate may also reside in a hydrophobic environment in E2P of Na,K-ATPase since increased partition of Pj into the site is observed in presence of organic solvent [6] in the same manner as in Ca-ATPase. 

W. B. Bottomley, Some effects of organic growth-promotion substances (auxi-mones) on the growth of Lenina minor in mineral cultural. solutions. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (Biol.) S9-.481 (1917). 

McCalley, D. V., Effect of organic solvent modifier and nature of solute on the performance of bonded silica reversed-phase columns for the analysis of strongly basic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography, /. Chromatogr A, 738(2), 169, 1996. 

Fan, W. Tsai, R. S. El Tayar, N. Carrupt, P.-A. Testa, B, Solute-water interactions in the organic phase of a biphasic system. 2. Effects of organic phase and temperature on the water-dragging effect, J. Phys. Chem. 98, 329-333 (1994). 

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