Growth promoting substances

Various assay methods have been used to detect the presence of inhibitory substances. These include some of the classical tests used by investigators of growth-promoting substances—i.e., the various Avena coleoptile assays which utilize intact, decapitated, or isolated cylinders and the split pea stem test. Effects on seed germination and seedling shoot or root growth and development have also been measured in addition to other visible expressions of inhibition. Details of many of these tests have been compiled by Mitchell et al. (99). Tests have been carried out in Petri dishes, with various solution culture techniques, and by sand and soil culture. Effects so measured may or may not be similar to those obtained under field situations— i.e., the establishment of inhibition under controlled conditions pro-... 

W. B. Bottomley, Some effects of organic growth-promotion substances (auxi-mones) on the growth of Lenina minor in mineral cultural. solutions. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (Biol.) S9-.481 (1917). 

R. Remy, and W. de Dcbeuckelaere, in Residues of Growth Promoting Substances in Meat (R. Remy, and W. de Debeuckelaere, Eds.), Verbruikers Unie-Test-Aankoop S.V., Brussels, Belgium (1994). 

Schantz, E.M. Steward, F.C. (1952). Coconut milk factor the growth promoter substance in coconut milk. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74,6133-6135. 

Because of their growth-promotion properties, the veterinary use of steroids, especially corticosteroids and anabolic steroids, is attractive. Within the EU, the use of growth-promoting substances (thyreostats, anabolics, and beta-agonist) in animal fatteiting is forbidden. Considerable effort has been put in the development in appropriate methods for tracing the use of illegal steroid hormones [6, 65]. 

Epibrassinolide has been shown to be highly desirable for application to increase crop yields. Farmers in China acknowledge the practical use of epibrassinolide, especially since it is naturally derived and is an effective plant growth-promoting substance. Until now, the practical use of epibrassinolide on wheat and com has been expand to an area of more than 2,664 ha (40,000 mu) per year. 

The cotylenins are leaf growth-promoting substances isolated from a Cladosporium species (Fig. 22.22) (Stoessl, 1981). 

Cotylenins leaf growth-promoting substances from Cladosporium. All C. are glycosides of cotyle-nol. The absolute stereochemistry of cotylenol is the same as that of the Fusicoccins (see), with which they probably share an essentially identical biosynthetic pathway. Formulas of known C. are shown in the Fig. Previously isolated C.B, D and G are now known to be artifacts. (T.Sassa etal. Agric. BioL Chem. 39 (1975) 1729-1734 (A,CE) T.Sassa A.Takahama ibid (1975) 2213-2215 (Cj) A.Takaha-ma et al. ibid (1979) 647-650 (H, I) A.Bottalico et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr 17 (1 8) 127-134 (structure-acdvi relationships)]... 

As plant growth-promoting substances, BRs have a broad spectrum of stimulatory and protective activities, all of which should have positive effects on the quantity and quality of crop yields. 

Embryos in some seeds, even though fully mature, will not grow when placed under environmental conditions favorable for germination. Sometimes this is due to the presence of inhibitors in one or more of the tissues surrounding the embryo or in the embryo proper (Evenari 1949). In other instances, there is subthreshold production or absence of growth-promoting substances. 

Lindquist S and Craig EA (1988) The heat-shock proteins. Annu Rev Genet 22 631-677 Lochhead AG (1958) Soil bacteria and growth-promoting substances. Bacteriol Rev 22 145 Lochmuller H, Wood HG and Davis JJ (1966) Phosphoenolpyruvate... 

---