Effect of Aluminum

Aluminum appears to be present in all commercial AB, electrodes. Sakai et al. 

Manganese is also present in most commercial electrodes. In a series of experiments examining the cycle lives of the homologous alloys LaNi3, M j. (M= Mn, Cu, Al, and Co) Sakai et al. [50] noted that Mn was the least effective. In more complex alloys examined by Adzic et al. 

The cyclic behaviour of a series of electnxies of varying Mn content is shown in Fig. 17. It apparently increases (Table 8) slightly and although the correlation between lattice expansion, n, and corrosion rate is fairly strong, they are not a function of Mn content, as shown in Fig. 18. 

(A- ) niax (mAhg ) n (H atoms/ unit cell) AV/V %) Corrosion (wt.% / cycle) 

---

Fig. 8. Effect of aluminum on loss of calcium A, with 0.03 wt % aluminum B, without aluminum (10).

Physical and mechanical properties are given in Table 22 (109,110,112—114). The densities reflect the effect of aluminum the Zn- -27% Al aHoy is ca... 

Beer. Laboratory results obtained by Jimenez and Gauldin (19) as well as commercial experience have shown that beer in aluminum cans is superior in flavor, color, and clarity to beer packed in tinplate cans. Table V summarizes the effect of aluminum and iron on beer stored for six months in the two types of metal containers. Aluminum ends used in conjunction with tinplate or tin-free-steel can bodies increases the shelf... 

Hikiforov N.N. Bakham, The Effect of Aluminum Additives On the Operational Effectiveness of the Catalytic Combustion Agent Fe203 , Rept No FTD-HT-23-627-74 (1973)... 

This expression seemed to correlate the data of Anderson (A5) for non-aluminized propellants, but did not work for aluminized propellants. In later work, Sehgal (S2) has studied the aluminum effect in greater detail. He reports that the effect of aluminum appears to cause incomplete combustion. Price (P10) has reported essentially the same observation. Beckstead derived an expression between the frequency of the oscillations and the L of the combustion chamber. The resulting equations were then shown to correlate experimental data. 

A New Effect of Aluminum on Iron Metabolism in Mammalian Cells... 

V. E. Akhrimenko, E. A. Aleksandrova, Z. N. Tkachenko, E. A. Dmitriev, F. N. Derevenets, and S. A. Abramov. Effect of aluminum compounds on setting time of cement slurry and strength of set cement. Stroit Neft Gaz Skvazhin Sushe More, 10-11 30-32, October-November 1997. 

Goldberg S., Kapoor B.S., Rhoades J.D. Effect of aluminum and iron oxides and organic matter on flocculation and dispersion of arid zone soils. Soil Sci 1990 150 588-593. 

As mentioned above since there is no provision in the placement of the fourth neighbors for the effect of aluminum interactions, the results of this work will over-estimate the tendency of aluminum atoms to avoid each other in the faujasite framework. 

Petrich, S.M. and Reish, D.J. Effects of aluminum and nickel on survival and reproduction in polychaetous annelids, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 23(4/5) 698-702,1979. 

The neurotoxic effects of aluminum were first observed in people undergoing dialysis for treatment of kidney failure. This syndrome, called dialysis dementia, starts with speech disorders and progresses to dementia and convulsions. Symptoms corresponded with elevated aluminum levels commonly found in bone, brain, and muscle following 3 to 7 years of treatment. Elevated levels of aluminum were also found in the brains of people suffering from Alzheimer s disease. Despite considerable research, it is not clear if the aluminum accumulation in the brain is a cause of Alzheimer s disease or a result of changes in the brain associated with the disease. 

IV. Yttrium basic carbonate and oxide on hematite. J. Coll. Interf Sd. 126 645-649 Ainsworth, C.C. Sumner, M.E. (1985) Effect of aluminum substitution in goethite on phosphorus adsorption II. Rate of adsorption. Soil Sd. Soc. Am. J. 49 1149-1153... 

W. Wang and K. Nomura, Remarkable effects of aluminum cocatalyst and comonomer in ethylene copolymerizations catalyzed by (arylim-ido)(aryloxo) vanadium complexes efficient synthesis of high molecular weight ethylene/norbomene copolymer, Macromolecules, 38(14) 5905-5913, July 2005. 

Temperature. The temperature of the reaction is important, for it is only above 180°C. that all catalysts and catalyst combinations are fully effective. W ith a reaction temperature of 160°C. and the use of an aluminum-sodium combination, for instance, the esterification, as compared to that of the purely thermal procedure, is 4.5 times faster it is 20 times faster at 200°C. In order fully to use the catalytic effectiveness of aluminum hydroxide in case of alcohols with a boiling point below 180°C., it is necessary to work with the appropriate high pressure. 

Although prior research has established the interference effect of aluminum, previous in-house studies on the atomic absorption analysis of silicate materials indicated that silicon may also have an interference effect. This interference is probably caused by compound formation in the flame. The effect of silicon on the determination of all of the elements... 

Anon, The Effect of Aluminum on the Power of Explosives , Armament Res Dept, Brit Rept AC-6437 (Explosives Rept 577/44)... 

Cu3Si, CusSi and Cu. At lower temperatures the only product is Cu. Intermetallics have an important effect on the direct process. For example, the activating effect of aluminum disappears when added as the quaternary alloy Fe4SigAlgCa but an increase in selectivity is noted when the ternary alloy is present. Aluminum added as the ternary alloy SiyAlsFes, Al3Si2Fe and Al2Si2Ca favors activity but decreases selectivity. 

Metal complexation by carboxylates is, on the other hand, an important mechanism to exclude uptake of toxic elements, such as Al3+, in plant species and cultivars adapted to acid mineral soils. The release is restricted to the apical root zones, which are most susceptible to the toxic effects of aluminum (Ma, 2000 Brimecombe et al., 2007). 

Existing Information on Health Effects of Aluminum and Compounds... 

We do not know if aluminum will affect reproduction in people. Aluminum does not appear to affect reproduction in animals. Aluminum has not been shown to cause cancer in animals. To learn more about the health effects of aluminum exposure, see Chapter 2. 

---