Echinococcus antigens

Antigen B stimulation of PBMC IL-4 and IL-13 production and inhibition of IFNy (Rigano et al., 2001) Echinococcus multilocularis... 

Rakha, N.K., Dixon, J.B., Carter, S.D., Craig, P.S., Jenkins, P. and Folkard, S. (1991) Echinococcus multilocularis antigens modify accessory cell function of macrophages. Immunology 74, 652-656. 

The remarkable success that has been achieved with identification of protective, recombinant antigens against the Taenia and Echinococcus species has been in stark contrast to the general lack of success that has been achieved with vaccine development against other parasitic helminth infections (Dalton and Mulcahy, 2001). Hence, very little direction has been available from the experiences of others on how to translate a laboratory success with an anti-parasite vaccine into a practical (commercial) vaccine. First principles would suggest a host of issues that require investigation/opti-mization, for example ... 

Precise definition of the host-protection epitope(s) of the Taenia and Echinococcus vaccine antigens would be valuable if it were to lead to the development of a synthetic vaccine or provide reagents to assist with quality control of vaccine production. Identification of a limited number of host-protective fragments may allow the recombinant antigen to be replaced by synthetic peptides. This would have significant advantages in the production... 

Chow, C., Gauci, C.G., Cowman, A.F. and Lightowlers, M.W. (2001) A gene family expressing a host-protective antigen of Echinococcus granulosus. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 118, 83-88. 

Gauci, C., Merli, M., Muller, V., Chow, C., Yagi, K., Mackenstedt, U. and Lightowlers, M.W. (2002) Molecular cloning of a vaccine antigen against infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. Infection and Immunity 70, 3969-3972. 

Heath, D.D. and Lawrence, S.B. (1 996) Antigenic polypeptides of Echinococcus granulosus oncospheres and definition of protective molecules. Parasite Immunology 18, 347-357. 

Osborn, P.J. and Heath, D.D. (1982) Immunisation of lambs against Echinococcus granulosus using antigens obtained by incubation of oncospheres in vitro. Research in Veterinary Science 33, 1 32-1 33. 

Alvarez Errico, D., Medeiros, A., Miguez, M., Casaravilla, C., Malgor, R., Carmona, C., Nieto, A. and Osinaga, E. (2001) O-glycosylation in Echinococcus granulosus identification and characterization of the carcinoma-associated Tn antigen. Experimental Parasitology 98, 100-109. 

Dennis, R.D., Baumeister, S., Irmer, G., Gasser, R.B. and Geyer, E. (1993) Chromatographic and antigenic properties of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst-derived glycolipids. Parasite Immunology 15, 669-681. 

Htilsmeier, A.J., Gehrig, P.M., Geyer, R., Sack, R., Gottstein, B., Deplazes, P. and Kohler, P. (2002) A major Echinococcus multilocularis antigen is a mucin-type glycoprotein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, 5742-5748. 

Fig. 6.2. Prominent parasite antigens and host components in Echinococcus granulosus sheep cyst fluid (SCF). Labelled fluid was immunoprecipitated with lane 1, normal rabbit serum lane 2, rabbit anti-SCF lane 3, preabsorbed rabbit anti-SCF lane 4, rabbit anti-sheep whole serum. Antigens were reduced prior to electrophoresis. The major parasite antigens are shown arrowed at Mr 38000, 20000, 16000 and 12000. D.F., diffusion front. (Reprinted with permission from Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 25, Shepherd, J. C. McManus, D. P., Specific and cross-reactive antigens of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid, 1987, Pergamon Journals Ltd.)...

Herd, R. P., Chappel, R. J. Biddell, D. (1975). Immunization of dogs against Echinococcus granulosus using worm secretory antigens. International Journal for Parasitology, 5 395-9. 

Shepherd, J. C. McManus, D. P. (1987). Specific and cross-reactive antigens of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 25 143-54. 

Echinococcus surface antigen Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) envelope antigen 224 225... 

Carol, H., Nieto, A., Villacres-Eriksson, M., and Morein, B. (1997), Intranasal immunization of mice with Echinococcus granulosus surface antigens iscoms evokes a strong immune response, biased towards glucidic epitopes, Parasite Immunol., 19,197-205. 

Other molecules derived from helminths have been shown to interfere with host immune cells it is the case of taeniaestatin from Taenia teniaeformis, of the 45 kDa glycoprotein from Trichinella spiralis or of the antigen B from Echinococcus granulosus, just to give few examples. 

Rigano R, Buttari B, Profumo E, Ortona E, Delunardo E, Margotti P, Mattel V, Teggi A, Sorice M, Siracusano A (2007) Echinococcus granulosus antigen B impairs human dendritic cell differentiation and polarizes immature dendritic cell maturation towards a Th2 cell response. Infect Immun 75 1667-1678... 

Helminth parasites are the most complex infectious disease agents infecting mammals, and hence the host s antibody responses to them are the most diverse. Unlike other infectious diseases, most helminths do not divide in the body of the final host, and therefore the antigenic load is dependent on the infective dose. Exceptions to this are Echinococcus spp. and Strongyloides spp. Antibodies are produced against antigens present within helminths (somatic... 

Margutti P, Ortona , Delunardo F et al. Thioredoxin peroxidase from Echinococcus granulosus a candidate to extend the antigenic panel for the immunodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008 60 279-285. 

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