Dynamic interdependence

Equations (2.21) have been written in the order and manner above to bring out the dynamic interdependence of the states that will normally emerge as a feature of models of typical industrial processes. While the derivative of one state may depend only on the current value of that state, as in the case of the valve travels, x and Xi, others will depend not only on their own state but also on a number of others. This latter situation arises above in the cases of control valve travel, Xi, and the liquid mass in the tank, m. The dependence may be linear in some cases, but in any normal process model, there will be a large number of nonlinear dependencies, as exhibited above by the derivative for tank liquid mass, which is dependent on a term multiplying the square of one state by the square-root of another. This is an important point to grasp for those more accustomed to thinking of linear, multivariable control systems such systems are idealizations only of a nonlinear world. 

Based on the above analysis we may state that the units involved in a recycle system are dynamically interdependent. As a result, their design, sizing, and control are correlated. For instance, a control structure that is perfectly valid for standalone operation might be inappropriate when the same unit is placed in a recycle structure. Further, we will examine this important issue by means of some examples. 

Global impact of local accidents Interconnectivity and dependencies between systems Cyber-based control systems Dynamic interdependencies Increased international alliances... 

Filippini, R. Silva, A. 2012. Resilience analysis of networked systems-of-systems based on structural and dynamic interdependencies. PS AM 11 ESREL... 

Given the dynamic interdependency of environmental, behavioral, and personal factors in everyday events, how can anyone expect to find one root cause of an incident Instead, take the systems approach and search for a variety of contributory factors within the environment, behavior, and person domains. Then, decide which of these factors can be changed to reduce the chance of anotiier unfortunate incident. Environmental factors are usually easiest to define and improve, followed by behavioral factors. Most difficult to define and change directly are tire person factors, but many of these can be affected positively by properly influencing behaviors. 

An important characteristic of biomolecular motion is that the different types of motion are interdependent and coupled to one another. For example, a large-scale dynamic transition cannot occur without involving several medium-scale motions, such as helix rearrangements. Medium-scale motions cannot occur without involving small-scale motions, such as side-chain movement. Finally, even side-chain motions cannot occur without the presence of the very fast atomic fluctuations, which can be viewed as the lubricant that enables the whole molecular construction to move. From the point of view of dynamic... 

RI and FS are interdependent processes and are generally performed concurrently rather than sequentially, although the FS uses the data provided by the RI. This approach should be viewed as a dynamic, flexible process that can and should be tailored to specific circumstances of individual sites. It is not a rigid step-by-step approach that must be conducted identically at every site. Figure 16.3 illustrates a generic timeline of the phasing of RI/PS activities. 

In addition, the authors suggest that all such systems must have a semi-permeable active boundary (membrane), an energy transduction apparatus and (at least) two types of functionally interdependent macromolecular components (catalysts and records). Thus, the phenomenon of life requires not only individual self-replication and self-sustaining systems, but it also requires of such individual systems the ability to develop a characteristic, evolutionary dynamic and a historical collectivist organisation. 

Mobility will be used as a transcendent principle to connote all of these interdependent concepts embodied in the dynamics map in Figure 1. Thus, mobility will be the key to all transformations, as well as the basis for defining appropriate reference states (page 1842). 

In summary, it is clear from the above-discussed aspects that it was possible by multinuclear NMR (oxygen-17, nitrogen-15, carbon-13, and technetium-99) to successfully study the very slow cyanide exchange and the slow intermolecular oxygen exchange in these oxocy-ano complexes and correlate them both with the proton-transfer kinetics. Furthermore, the interdependence between the proton transfer and the actual dynamic inversion of the metal center was clearly demonstrated. 

In many operations, for instance in a distillation column, it is necessary to understand the fluid dynamics of the unit, as well as the heat and mass transfer relationships. These factors are frequently interdependent in a complex manner, and it is essential to consider the individual contributions of each of the mechanisms. Again, in a chemical reaction the final rate of the process may be governed either by a heat transfer process or by the chemical kinetics, and it is essential to decide which is the controlling factor this problem is discussed in Volume 3, which deals with both chemical and biochemical reactions and their control. 

From Equation (3), we learn that increasing the absorptivity of the probe and the detector pathlength will lower the LOD, while the noise should be as low as possible. However, some of these factors are interdependent lowering the concentration of the probe will decrease the dynamic reserve and increasing the detector pathlength will increase the baseline noise. 

Rheological properties of filled polymers can be characterised by the same parameters as any fluid medium, including shear viscosity and its interdependence with applied shear stress and shear rate elongational viscosity under conditions of uniaxial extension and real and imaginary components of a complex dynamic modulus which depend on applied frequency [1]. The presence of fillers in viscoelastic polymers is generally considered to reduce melt elasticity and hence influence dependent phenomena such as die swell [2]. 

J. W. Halley, Studies of the Interdependence of Electronic and Atomic Dynamics and Structure at the Electrode-Electrolyte Interface, Electrochim. Acta. 41 2229 (1996). 

The word interdependence is important here because it allows that the subjective state of consciousness can alter the brain just as the state of the brain can alter the state of consciousness. In my brain-mind model, volition and automaticity are in dynamic equilibrium. Most brain functions (like other bodily processes) are automatic, but some (unlike other bodily processes) are reflective, deliberative, and decisive in altering the direction and content of subsequent mental activity. 

As mentioned before, due to the coupling between different modes of the solvent, all solvent dynamic quantities are interdependent and need to be calculated self-consistently. An additional self-consistency is present in the calculation of friction, since the self-dynamic structure factor itself depends on the friction. 

Since it will take several years to realize such an integral software toolbox, individual approaches with separate steps have to be applied to meet gradually the requirements of microreactor design. Standard software for computational fluid dynamics is directly applicable in this context, and there are also powerful software tools for the simulation of special steps in microfabrication processes. However, there has been rather little experience with materials for microreactors, optimization of microreactor design, and, in particular, the treatment of interdependent effects. Consequently, a profound knowledge of the basic properties and phenomena of microreaction technology just described is absolutely essential for the successful design of microreaction devices. 

Metabolic rhythms underlie population dynamics, behaviour and distribution, despite their complicated nature. As a corollary, the influences of abundance and complex behaviour patterns on metabolism are equally important. The relationship between metabolism and population dynamics appears to be simple. Nikolsky (1974) regarded recruitment, adult stock, total mortality and food supply as interdependent parts of the whole. 

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