Frequency, applied

Critical speed is when the frequency of a periodic exciting frequency applied to the rotor-bearing support system corresponds to the natural frequency of the system. 

Electronic soft-start The voltage and frequency applied to the motor is controlled ... 

SPRITE is termed a pure phase encode technique because spatial encoding occurs through the application of variable amplitude magnetic field gradients (which yield spatially varying frequencies) applied for fixed periods of time. Variable frequency with a fixed evolution or encoding time yields a variable signal phase. 

Pagni, P.J., Pool fire vortex shedding frequencies, Applied Mechanics Review, 1990, 43, 153-70. 

Experimental methods are applicable for a wide range of frequencies. High-frequency measurements employ commercially available dielectric constant meters, Q-meters, and so on the impedance bridge method is widely employed at low frequencies. The levels of the frequencies applied experimentally are very important for data interpretation and comparison. 

Similarly, the greater is the voltage applied (E) and the higher the frequency applied (/), so will enhanced molecular activity and higher temperatures be achieved. 

The loss factor will vary in some degree with the formulation of the material and (as the product of the dielectric constant and the power factor), will be affected by other parameters such as the frequency applied. However, in practice variations for reasons such as these are not significant. 

Fig 5 Bandwidth of an FM dye laser tuned by a three plate birefringent filter as a function of the detuning between the passive node spacing and the driving frequency applied to the phase modulator. 

This applied voltage is written in such a long-winded way to keep the language of a complex-number oscillation e iat while reminding us that a voltage is a mathematically real quantity. Here, as this capacitor model is described, 14 and o> are also defined as real quantities (with the cumbersome subscript R temporarily omitted from o>K for the sinusoidal frequency applied to or detected between the capacitor plates). 

The use of a phase-sensitive detector to demodulate the f.i.d. signal emerging from the receiver coil is equivalent to providing a rotating frame of reference for the spectrometer itself, as the detector is referenced to the constant carrier r.f. (ft). The f.i.d. signal detected, therefore, contains only phase and intensity information for the difference frequency between the carrier frequency applied and the... 

One possible sequence of events to produce an MS/MS spectrum. A ions of one mass-to-charge ratio are selected by expelling all the others at their resonance frequency applied to the caps. B Only ions of the selected m/z are present in the trap. C V is adjusted so as to bring the ion into resonance with the excitation frequency applied to the caps. D ions are analysed by ejection at the stability limit. 

As the readers may see, quartz crystal resonator (QCR) sensors are out of the content of this chapter because their fundamentals are far from spectrometric aspects. These acoustic devices, especially applied in direct contact to an aqueous liquid, are commonly known as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) [104] and used to convert a mass ora mass accumulation on the surface of the quartz crystal or, almost equivalent, the thickness or a thickness increase of a foreign layer on the crystal surface, into a frequency shift — a decrease in the ultrasonic frequency — then converted into an electrical signal. This unspecific response can be made selective, even specific, in the case of QCM immunosensors [105]. Despite non-gravimetric contributions have been attributed to the QCR response, such as the effect of single-film viscoelasticity [106], these contributions are also showed by a shift of the fixed US frequency applied to the resonator so, the spectrum of the system under study is never obtained and the methods developed with the help of these devices cannot be considered spectrometric. Recent studies on acoustic properties of living cells on the sub-second timescale have involved both a QCM and an impedance analyser thus susceptance and conductance spectra are obtained by the latter [107]. 

They utilized the oscilloscope to monitor continuously the rf frequency applied to the omegatron field plates and were unable to detect any harmonics present in the applied rf field ... 

The instruments built with AOTFs as monochromators are often connected to fiber optics to obviate problems with polarized light. The instruments are also always designed in such a manner as to stabilize the crystal thermally, as the wavelength emitted per frequency applied is quite temperature sensitive. 

In this section, the reader will be confronted with and introduced to some comparatively elemental facts on the theory underlying interpretation of the shielding parameter accessible for normal molecules in isotropic solutions, where normal refers to molecules which are not oversized (such as vanadium bound to proteins), and were we therefore are in the so-called extreme narrowing limit , characterised by the condition 2TruQT << 1, where vq is the measuring frequency and the molecular correlation time, a measure of the mobility of a solute molecule in a solvent. Extreme narrowing simply means that the molecule is freely mobile and the frequency applied to obtain NMR information does not influence the respective parameters. Although the term contains the component extreme , we are well in the domain of normal conditions. 

For any form of difference spectroscopy it is better practice to collect the control FID with the decoupler frequency applied far away from all resonances rather than being turned off completely. 

The calibration of a NMR spectrum is based on the assignment of a reference signal to a known chemical shift. For heteronuclear spectra the standard frequency is based on the IH standard frequency SF and calculated according to equation [3-6]. The teaching version of NMR-SIM only support two rf channels and it is only necessary to set the parameters SF and 01 and 02. The radio frequency applied during the experiment is called SFOi where i refers to either the rf channel 1 or 2 and is defined in equation [3-... 

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