Durability test system

Figure 7. Configuration of the materials durability test system 1, Zymark robot arm 2, Mettler balance 3, blotting station 4, capping station 5, specimen rack 6, water bath 7, block oven 8, vacuum oven 9, freezing chamber 10, NDT station 11, automated micrometer, and 12, washing station. O, specimen holder.

TABLE VIII Emissions as Function of Mileage for Durability Tests on Dual-Catalyst Systems... 

Current efforts are focusing on optimizing the carbon monoxide removal reactor and developing a system prototype using commercially available pumps, blowers, fuel cells, valves, and controllers.In addition, durability testing along with thermal cycling needs to be done. 

Fire and Wind Hazards. Weather resistance of roof coverings is not necessarily correlated to fire and wind resistance. Underwriters Laboratory and the Factory Mutual System test and rate fire and wind hazard resistance, and some durability tests. Organic felt or fiber glass mat base shingles are commonly manufactured to meet minimum UL requirements, which, in addition to minimum mass, require wind and fire resistance properties. 

This boron- and carbon-doped SiC exhibits excellent strength and stiffness, extreme hardness, and thermal and chemical resistance. The strength of this system is not affected by temperatures up to 1650°C. Creep is virtually nonexistent up to 1400°C. Cyclic durability testing conducted at 1370°C in air showed no deterioration of strength after 3500 h (94). 

The vehicle durability tests have consistently shown that substantial catalyst deactivation takes place with fuel at 10 mg/1 Pb. Lead levels of 3 mg/1 and below allow catalyst systems to function satisfactorily during 80K km of AMA drive cycle which would indicate that even if a customer continually drives at low speed (which gives max lead deposition condition) then catalyst deterioration due to lead will be minimal. The test results indicate that the effect of lead on the HEGO sensor is more critical than its 6ffect on the catalyst. 

Subscale integration, electronic control system development, transient characteristics, and durability testing... 

In the following sections we will discuss the most common durability tests and the different factors that lead to the power decrease of the fuel cell. Some of them are general to hydrogen-fed PEM fuel cells, while others are specific of DAFC. Kim and Zelenay [85] quoted that performance degradation of DMFC has received little attention compared with the degradation of H2/air PEM fuel cells systems, probably because lifetime requirements for DMFC systems are generally perceived as less stringent, and have not been defined as precisely as for fuel cells... 

The durability test results in the 171 C-film-curing adhesives are shown in Fig. 8. In general, sustained loads of 50% or less of the control strength with these adhesives show them to be exceedingly durable systems. The materials... 

Because of the large number of factors that influence the durability of adhesive-bonded joints, a durability test should be conducted on all systems before they are selected for any particular application. This test should include the adherends, surface preparation, adhesive, and cure parameters needed for each application. ... 

Structural bonds are those that are expected to undergo some form of loading for a significant part of their service life while non-structural bonds remain largely unloaded, for example, in the case of paints and lacquers. An understanding of the bond failure mechanism is critically important in explaining the performance of a particular bonding system in durability tests. Surface analytical techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are widely employed in this role. ... 

Pors et al. [37] presented different, stepwise improved fuel injection systems as part of the diesel ATR development of Jiilich research center. While air was mixed with the fuel and steam added downstream in the ATR-5 reactor (Figure 14.2a), superheated steam was mixed with the fuel, which was dispersed in an atomization nozzle in ATR-7 and the air added downstream. Further improvement by adding a cyclone-like separation of nonevaporated residues in ATR-8 (Figure 14.2b) led to an increased durability of the injection system, which was proven experimentally by a 1000 h durability test. Later Pasel et al. [40] reported 2000 h durability of the ATR-8 reactor for Jet-Al aviation fuel. 

Sodimn sulfate is known to be a salt that causes the worst crystallization decay on pwrous materials and has become widely used in accelerated durability testing 13 1. However, the sodium sulfate system is complicated, because under different conditions (temperature and relative humidity), it will form two stable phases (thenardite, Na2S04 and mirabilite, Na2S04 IOH2O) or one metastable phase (heptahydrate, Na2S04-7H20) i3] [39], Jhe... 

During S-cell stack performance test, the reformed gas with 6,820 seem flow rate and air with 13,000 seem rate were respectively used as fuel and oxidizer gas to complete l-V-P and durability tests. The reformed gas generated from methane and water vapor through the home-made reformer installed in the SOFC measurement system. According to our experiences about measuring the degradation rate of SOFC MSC cell stack, the most suitable applied current density is located around 400 mA/cm at 700 C. So, the constant current density is kept at 400 mA/cm in long term durability test. 

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