DuPont Nation

The anodes are platinized titanium (titanium plated with 5 microns of platinum) the cathodes are also titanium plated with 2.5 microns of platinum. All gaskets are Viton GF (peroxide grade), and the cell membranes are DuPont Nation 324. Flow through the cells is in parallel using manifolds with /4-inch fluid-flow inlet port orifices to provide equal flow to all cells. 

Brochure DuPont Nation perfluorinated membranes, DuPont, Fayetteville, 1994. 

The membrane material most often used in fuel cells today is Nation , made by DuPont. Nation is the product name of a perfluorosulfraiic acid/polyethylene copolymer (PFSA/PTFF) that clearly meets the specifications for thermal and chemical stability and high levels of protmi conductivity and electrical resistance. Other perfluorinated membranes are now commercially available in addition to Nation DOW Membrane from Dow Chemical Corp. and a membrane made by... 

Recently, DuPont has introduced a new membrane that is an improvement in comparison to earlier versions NR-111, NR-112, and NR-211. DuPont Nation XL membrane is an extended-lifetime reinforced membrane based on chemically stabilized PFSA/PTFE copolymer in the acid (H-f) form. The reinforcement improves the handling of the membrane and its physical properties. When the reinforcement is combined with the chemically stabilized polymer, the membrane... 

Fluoride release rate measured in the cathode and anode effluent of a single cell under open-circuit conditions as a function of cell coolant temperature, compared to the fluoride release rate at 70 C, using DuPont Nation 112 membrane. 

DeSimone and coworkers (340) investigated the dimerization of a-methyl-styrene using DuPont Nation catalysts. They observed a rate enhancement over conventional liquid solvents such as cumene and o-cresol, which they attributed in part to plasticization of the perfluorinated catalyst resin with the SCCO2 combined with the enhanced mass transfer characteristics afforded by the SCF solvent. In a subsequent study, DeSimone and coworkers (341) measured the thermal decomposition rates of two perfluoroalkyl diacyl peroxides [bis(trifluoro-acetyl) and [bis(perfluoro-2-n-propoxyprionyl) peroxides] in liquid and SCCO2 and compared rates with similar measurements made in Freon-113. Both peroxides displayed activation energies approximately 5-6 kcal/mol lower than that obtained in Freon-113, which the authors attribute to differences in solvent viscosity. 

S.P.N. acknowledges the National Science Foundation, Louisiana Board of Regents, and Dupont tor support ot this work. 

Platinum was added to Nation before Incorporating CdS In order to avoid the reduction of CdS during the platlnlzatlon process. Nation (DuPont 117, 0.018 cm thick) films were soaked In Pt(NH2)2l2 (0.1 mM) solution for 4 hr. The amount of the Pt complex Incorporated was determined by measuring the optical absorption change In the liquid phase. The films were subsequently reduced with NaBH (0.1 M) solution for one day to produce Pt metal dispersed throughout the polymer film. The amount of Pt was found to be about 0.02 mg cm 2. 

Acknowledgements We thank the National Science Foundation, Petroleum Research Fund, Exxon Education Foundation, Union Carbide, DuPont, and Cytec Canada for support of our studies in this area. 

DuPont Company, Wilmington, DE19880, Contribution 8847 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352... 

In 1974, after failure and indications of failure of three commercial reprocessing ventures, the AEC reassigned programs for support of commercial fuel reprocessing to emphasize successful experience and lessons learned from that experience. Responsibilities were transferred from the AEC Division of Reactor Development and Oak Ridge National Laboratory with their pilot plant reprocessing model, to the Division of Production and DuPont Company-operated SRP with their safe, successful production-scale reprocessing experience. 

The first synthesis of Kevlar by solution polymerization was reported by S. L. Kwolek, P. W. Morgan, and W. R. Gorenson of DuPont in U. S. Patent 3,063,966 (1962). In 1980, Stephanie Kwolek won the American Chemical Society s Award for Creative Invention, and on July 22, 1995, she was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in Akron, Ohio. In 1996 Stephanie Kwolek was awarded... 

Stephen J. Lippard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Raul F. Lobo, University of Delaware Nichalos T. Loux, Environmental Protection Agency Andrew J. Lovinger, National Science Foundation Peter Lykos, Illinois Institute of Technology Patricia Ann Mabrouk, Northeastern University Preston J. MacDougall, Middle Tennessee State University Alexander Maclachlan, DuPont (retired)... 

Janies S. Murday, National Research Laboratory Catherine J. Murphy, University of South Carolina James Y. Oldshue, Oldshue Technologies International, Inc. Thomas L. Netzel, Georgia State University Mark Nicholas, AstraZeneca International Tucker Norton, DuPont... 

Acknowledgments We would like to thank the National Science Foundation (DMR-0135233, DMR-0703988, Chem-0456719, Chem-0723497), the ACS Petroleum Research Fund (36730-G7), the Dupont Company, the 3 M Company, the Simitomo Company, the Rhom and Haas Company, and the Univesity of California at Irvine for generous financial support. ZG gratefully acknowledges a Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award granted by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, a National Science Foundation CAREER Award, and a Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award. CSP acknowledges an Allergan Fellowship, a UCI dissertation fellowship, and the Joan Rowland award from UCI. 

The authors like to acknowledge 3M and DuPont for their support of this work and the National Science Foundation for its support of this work through the Presidential Faculty Fellowship to CNB (CTS-9453369) and a graduate fellowship to MDG. 

The author s work in the area of CFD analysis of chemical reactors has been supported nearly continuously for the last 15 years by the U.S. National Science Foundation. The work on gas-solid multiphase flows and population balances was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The author would also like to acknowledge support from several companies, including Air Products and Chemicals, BASF, BASELL, BP Chemicals, Dow Chemical, DuPont Engineering, and Univation Technologies. Last, but not least, the author wishes to acknowledge his many collaborators over the years who are many in number to name them individually. 

We thank Dr. Weishi Wu at DuPont Display and Dr. Gary A. Johansson at DuPont CRD for proof reading of the manuscript. DFP thanks the National Science and Engineering Research Council for support through the Discovery and AGENO grants. 

This third edition of Analytical Chemistry for Technicians is the culmination and final product of a series of four projects funded by the National Science Foundation s Advanced Technological Education Program and two supporting grants from the DuPont Company. The grant funds have enabled me to utilize an almost limitless reservoir of human and other resources in the development and completion of this manuscript and to vastly improve and update the previous edition. A visible example is the CD that accompanies this book. This CD, which was not part of the previous editions, provides, with a touch of humor, a series of real-world scenarios for students to peruse while studying the related topics in the text. 

Quill was founded in April 1999 as an industrial consortium, with members from all sectors of the chemical industry. It is based on the well-proven industry/uni-versity cooperative research center (lUCRC) concept developed by the U.S. National Science Foundation and is only the second lUCRC in Europe. There were 17 founding industrial members of the Quill consortium, and the current membership includes (listed alphabetically) bp. Chevron, Cytec, DuPont, Eastman Chemicals, ICI, Invista, Merck, Novartis, Procter and Gamble, SACHEM, SASOL, Shell, Strata, and UOP. Research carried out between QUB and individual companies, or by QUILL itself, has generated more than 20 patent applications, many of which have now been published, from as diverse a range of industries as BNFL, BP Chemicals, Cytec, ICI, Quest International, and Uni-chema Chemie BV. In a recent report in Nature, the need for collaboration between government, industry, and academic institutions to form sustainable chemistry centers was stressed as vital in order to rethink traditional chemistry processes to be not only beneficial to the environment but also to make economic sense for industry. Quill, under the codirection of Professors Kenneth R. Seddon and Jim Swindall OBE, is one of these chemistry centers, and is the first (and... 

The current state-of-the-art proton exchange membrane is Nafion, a DuPont product that was developed in the late 1960s primarily as a permselective separator in chlor-alkali electrolyzers. Nation s poly(perfluorosulfonic acid) structure imparts exceptional oxidative and chemical stability, which is also important in fuel cell applications. 

Petersdorf EW, KoIIman C, Hurley CK, Dupont B, Nademanee A, Begovich AB, Weisdorf D, McGIave P. Effect of HLA class II gene disparity on clinical outcome in unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia the US National Marrow Donor Program Experience. Blood. 2001 Nov 15 98(10) 2922-9. 

---