Drying oils, hydrogenation

When heated with small amounts of iodine, rosins, taU. oil, and other wood products are converted to more stable forms (135,136). Iodine has been used with some tin salts as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of coal (qv) and its distillation products (137,138), and has been recommended as a catalyst for the production of drying oils (qv) from unsaturated animal fats (139,140). 

Fig. 3. Schematic process flow diagram for an imitation cheese product having the following formulation dry ingredients, calcium caseinate (or rennet casein), 24.5 wt % tapioca flour, 3.0 wt % salt, 2.16 wt % adipic acid, 0.6 wt % vitamins and minerals, 0.1 wt % sorbic acid (mold inhibitor), 0.5 wt % fat—color blend, soybean oil hydrogenated to a Wiley melting point of 36°C, 21.3 wt % lactylated monoglycerides, 0.05 wt % red-orange coloring, 0.01 wt...

Carbon, hydrogen and possibly oxygen Resin and derivatives Natural drying oils Cellulose derivatives Alkyd resins Epoxy resins (uncured) Phenol-formaldehyde resins Polystyrene Acrylic resins Natural and synthetic rubbers Carbon monoxide Aldehydes (particularly formaldehyde, acrolein and unsaturated aldehydes) Carboxylic acids Phenols Unsaturated hydrocarbons Monomers, e.g. from polystyrene and acrylic resins... 

The influence of coal structure on primary conversions and oil yields in thermolytic extraction with different H onor and non-H-donor solvents and in dry catalytic hydrogenation has been investigated. 

In this paper, a number of low-severity liquefaction regimes are considered. The influence of different H-donor and non-donor solvents on primary conversions without a hydrogen overpressure is discussed in the light of other recent work (10-131. Also, it is demonstrated that oil yields broadly increase with decreasing coal rank in both H-donor extraction and dry catalytic hydrogenation provided that retrogressive reactions are avoided in the initial stages of coal dissolution. 

Linoleum -m drying oils pRYING OILS] (Vol 8) -m fats and oils [CARBOXYLIC ACIDS - ECONOMC ASPECTS] (Vol 5) -m fats and oils [CARBOXYLIC ACIDS - MANUFACTURE] (Vol 5) -m soybeans and other oilseeds [SOYBEANS AND OTHER OILSEEDS] (Vol 22) -H202 bleaching of [HYDROGEN PEROXIDE] (Vol 13)... 

Dihydroxybenzaldehyde 5 9 0 A reaction flask (500-ml capacity) is fitted with an efficient stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a wide gas-inlet tube the end of the condenser is connected to, successively, a wash-bottle containing sulfuric acid, an empty safety flask, and a tube that passes over the surface of a sodium hydroxide solution. Resorcinol (20 g) and anhydrous ether (150-200 ml) are placed in the reaction flask, and anhydrous zinc cyanide (1.5 equivalents) is added. Then a rapid stream of dry gaseous hydrogen chloride is passed in. The zinc cyanide disappears as a milky mixture is formed and as the hydrogen chloride dissolves, the imide hydrochloride condensation product separates as a thick oil which solidifies in 10-30 min. The ether is usually saturated in 1.5 h, after which hydrogen chloride is passed in slowly for a further 0.5 h. Then the ether is decanted, water (100 ml) is added to the imide hydrochloride, and the solution is heated to the boiling point, filtered and allowed to cool. About half the aldehyde separates. After this has been collected the remainder of the aldehyde crystallizes in 10-15 h. The total yield is about 95 %, and the m.p. is 135-136° after recrystallization with charcoal from water. 

CHLOROWAX is miscible with many organic solvents, including aliphatic, aromatic and terpene hydrocarbons chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons hydrogenated naphthas ketones, esters and drying oils. They are insoluble in water, glycerine and glycols. With a few exceptions, the liquid grades are insoluble in the lower alcohols. 

Properties Clear to It. amber liq. si. pungent odor sol. in acetone misc. with aliphatic, aromatic, terpene, and chlorinated aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbons, hydrogenated naphthas, ketones, esters, drying oils, many org. soivs. sol. < 1 mg/ml in water, 95% ethanol m.w. 560 (avg.) sp.gr. 

Examples of the oils used in the non-oxidising type of polyesters are coconut, castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil and Mesua ferrea L. seed oil, all mainly non-drying oils with a low degree of unsaturation, hence polymerisation does not occur in the presence of air under ambient conditions. These polyesters are used with amino resins such as urea and melamine-formaldehyde (ME) resin for stoving finishes. They are also used as plasticisers in other industrial lacquers. 

The oil is a drying oil used principally as a component of paints, varnishes, linoleum and printing inks. It has been used as an edible oil, preferably after partial hydrogenation. 

The oil is extracted from the seed by expelling and solvent extraction. Cold pressed oil, light yellow in colour, is used for edible purposes without refining. The oil is a semi-drying oil and is also used in artists paints, in white paint in conjunction with boiled poppy seed oil and in soap after hydrogenation. Poppy seeds are used for decorating baked goods and as bird seed. 

---