Drugs the American system

One strength of the American system, beyond the collaboration between industry and academic institutions of high quality, rests in the competition between laboratories, a hallmark of the free enterprise system. Although it is difficult to assign ultimate credit for discoveries, it is safe to say that the industrial laboratories make a significant contribution to science. They stand now as the prime developers of new medicinals, a fact pointed out by Sir Derrick Dunlop (2) in a statement made in 1967 Of the seventy most valuable drugs introduced to medicine in this century since the discovery of aspirin in 1899, sixty were discovered and developed by scientists in the laboratories of industry. ... 

Polymeric drugs and drug delivery systems / Richard L. Dunn, editor, Raphael M. Ottenbrite, editor, developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of Polymeric Chemistry, Inc. at the 200th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., August 26-31,1990. 

Feazell, R.P. et al. (2007) Soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes as longboat delivery systems for platinum(IV) anticancer drug design. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129 (27), 8438-8439. 

J., Dougherty, T.J. and Prasad, P.N. (2003) Ceramic-based nanoparticles entrapping water-insoluble photosensitizing anticancer drugs A novel drug-carrier system for photodynamic therapy. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125, 7860-7865. 

The concept of integrating healthcare professionals expertise for the patient s best interest is not a new one for pharmacists. Speaking at a 1989 conference focusing on evolving pharmacy practice for the 21st century, Hepler and Strand reviewed the alarming extent of drug-related morbidity and mortality in the American healthcare system. They... 

The racially disproportionate nature of the war on drugs is not just devastating to black Americans. It contradicts faith in the principles of justice and equal protection of the laws that should be the bedrock of any constitutional democracy it exposes and deepens the racial fault lines that continue to weaken the country and belies its promise as a land of equal opportunity and it undermines faith among all races in the fairness and efficacy of the criminal justice system. Urgent action is needed, at both the state and federal level, to address this crisis for the American nation. ... 

D. C. Rohrer, D. S. Fullerton, K. Yoshioka, A. H. L. Frome, K. Ahmed (1979). Functional receptor mapping for modified cardenolides use of the Prophet system. In E. C. Olson, R. E. Christoffersen (Eds.). Computer Assisted Drug Design. Washington, DC American Chemical Society, pp. 259-279. 

Castells X, Casas M, Vildal X, Bosch R, Roncero C, Ramos-Quiroga JA Capella D (2007) Efficacy of central nervous system stimulant treatment for cocaine dependence a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Addiction, 102, 1871-87 Chaisson RE, Bacchetti P, Osmond D, Brodie B, Sande MA Moss AR (1989). Cocaine use and HIV infection in intravenous drug users in San Francisco. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261, 561-5 Chapleo CB Walter DS (1997). The bupre-norphine-naloxone combination product. Research and Clinical Forums, 19, 55-8 Cheskin LJ, Fudala PJ Johnson RE (1994). A controlled comparison of buprenorphine and clonidine for acute detoxification from opioids. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 36, 115-21... 

Chen MC, Huang S-M, Mozersky R, Beitz J, Honig P. Drug interactions involving St. John s Wort-data from FDA s adverse reaction reporting system. Presented at the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Annual Meeting, Denver CO, October 2001. 

Michael J. Groves, a pharmacist with a doctorate in chemical engineering, has spent much of his career working in industry and academe. Now retired, his scientific interests include dispersed drug delivery systems and quality control issues for parenteral drug products. Editor or joint editor of a number of books, he has published 400 research papers, patents, reviews, and book reviews. He is a Fellow of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, the Institute of Biology, and the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. 

Several national organizations serve the professional needs of U.S. pharmacists. The American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA), founded in 1852. is composed of the Academy of Pharmaceutical Research and Science, Academy of Pharmaceutical Practice and Management, and the Academy of Students of Pharmacy. Other organizations include the American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists (ASHP). National Association of Chain Drug Stores (NACDS), and National Association of Retail Druggists (NARD). 

IPA (International Pharmaceutical Abstracts) is a bibliographic database containing international coverage of pharmacy and health-related literature in information, the practice of pharmacy, pharmaceutical education, and the legal aspects of pharmacy and drugs. It is produced by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and covers 1970 to date. 

The incidence of ADHD in Asian children is also low. This difference may be because methods of disciplining children differ between Asian-American parents and Caucasian-American parents. It may also be because Asian Americans are less comfortable than their Caucasian counterparts are with the American mental health system and its willingness to prescribe drugs to treat mental conditions. 

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