Standard drinks

The drinking water recommendahons were made in the 1994 National Primary Drinking Standards and Health Advisories of the Office of Water, of the U.S. ERA. The most important parameters are ... 

Assumed life-long consumption. The drinking standards are set with the assumption that local inhabitants will drink the discussed water all their life. Hence, the standards are very strict. 

MADEP. 2003. Updated petroleum hydrocarbon fraction toxicity values for the VPH/EPH/APH methodology. Boston (MA) Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. Available from http //www.mass.gov/dep/water/drinking/standards/pethydro.htm... 

TABLE 13.4. Water Drinking Standards as Described by a Kentucky Water Company (Kentucky American)... 

When water destined for drinking does not meet federal and/or state standards, appropriate treatments are introduced. Some of the current technologies used to meet federal water drinking standards are briefly discussed below. 

EPA. 2000d. Drinking water standards and health advisories. Washington, DC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water. EPA-822-B-00-001. Http //www.epa.gov/ost/drinking/standards/dwstandards.pdf. 

The analysis of trihalomethanes in drinking water is described in Method f2.i. A single standard gives the following results when carried through the described procedure. 

Drinking Water System Components—Flea/th Fffects, ANSI/NSE Standard 61, NSE International, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1988. 

In 1980, the EPA pubHshed ambient water quaHty criteria for silver. An upper limit of 50 f-lg/L in natural waters was set to provide adequate protection against adverse health effects (38). In 1992, EPA deleted the human health criteria for silver from the ambient water quaHty criteria to be consistent with the drinking water standards (39). 

At least six specifications of standards for granulated sugar quaUty are appHcable ia the United States. These include Codex JUimentarius Food Chemicals Codex (ECC) (4), US. Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formula (NE) (5), National Soft Drink Association (6), National Canners Association, and Mihtary Standard-900 for white sugar. These standards are intended to set limits on various components, including, but not necessarily limited to, polarization, invert or reducing sugar, ash, moisture, color, sulfur dioxide, arsenic, lead, and copper. 

AST Standard 60for Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals, ANSl/NSF 60-1988. 

States have made substantial recent progress in the adoption, and EPA approval, of toxic pollutant water-quahty standards. Furthermore, virtually all states have at least proposed new toxics criteria for priority toxic pollutants since Section 303 (c) (2) (B) was added to the CWA in February of 1987. Unfortunately, not all such state proposals address, in a comprehensive manner, the requirements or Section 303 (c) (2) (B). For example, some states have proposed to adopt criteria to protect aquatic hfe, but not human health other states have proposed human health criteria that do not address major exposure pathways (such as the combination of both fish consumption and drinking water). In addition, in some cases final adoption or proposed state toxics criteria that would be approved by EPA has been substantially delayed due to controversial and difficult issues associated with the toxic pollutant criteria adoption process. 

Obtaining of data concerning the chemical composition of water is critical significance for monitoring water reservoirs and forecasting the quality of drinking water from different water supply sources. A dry residue is commonly used with the methods AAS, ICP-AES, ICP-MS (analysis of liquid) widely applied for determination of water composition. So it is vital to create a standard sample of the composition of dry residue of ultra-fresh Lake Baikal water, its development launched since 1992 at the Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS. 

In according to proposed procedure the drinking water samples with spiked copper (II) standai d solution and the copper-smelting plant wastewater samples have been analyzed. The found results were verified by atomic absoi ption spectrometry. The developed method (standard addition version) was found suitable for determination of Cu (II) in drinking water and industrial wastewater. 

A proposal for a draft standard on the requirements for the internal cathodic protection of fuel tanks has been put forward by a working party entitled Internal cathodic protection of fuel tanks [18]. This contains the following information an electrolyte is produced by dissolving sodium bicarbonate in drinking water with a resistivity not greater than 2000 Q cm. The solution should completely cover the anodes in the tank. 

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