National Primary Drinking Water Standards

Water for injection (WFI) is the most widely used solvent for parenteral preparations. The USP requirements for WFI and purified water have been recently updated to replace the traditional wet and colorimetric analytical methods with the more modern and cost-effective methods of conductivity and total organic carbon. Water for injection must be prepared and stored in a manner to ensure purity and freedom from pyrogens. The most common means of obtaining WFI is by the distillation of deionized water. This is the only method of preparation permitted by the European Pharmacopoeia (EP). In contrast, the USP and the Japanese Pharmacopeias also permit reverse osmosis to be used. The USP has also recently broadened its definition of source water to include not only the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Primary Drinking Water Standards, but also comparable regulations of the European Union or Japan. 

Besides providing an environment for aquatic organisms, surface water is often used as a source of drinking water. The National Primary Drinking Water Standards are based on total chromium, the limit being 0.1 mg/L.19... 

In addition, the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 set the groundwater standards the same as the drinking water standards for the purpose of necessary cleanup and remediation of an inactive hazardous waste disposal site. The 1986 amendments of the SDWA included additional elements to establish maximum contaminant-level goals (MCLGs) and national primary drinking water standards. The MCLGs must be set at a level at which... 

US EPA, National Primary Drinking Water Standards, EPA 816-F-03-016, US Enviromnental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, June, 2003. 

EPA National Primary Drinking Water Standard -15pCil (applicable standard for Pu is MCL for gross alpha particle activity, excluding uranium and radon). 

Also included in the legislation were secondary standards such as odor and appearance of the drinking water, which were not enforceable. In this law, public water systems were defined to include any water system that serves water to more than 25 people (or 15 service connections). The SDWA required EPA to promulgate interim national primary drinking water standards in order to protect health to the extent feasible taking costs into consideration. Each contaminant was to determine an MCL or a treatment technique for its control. The interim regulations were replaced with recommendations for the... 

Water Environmental Protection Agency National Primary Drinking Water Standard - 30 pCi 1 (20pgl ) proposed. 

Environmental Protection Agency. 1991. National primary drinking water standards for radionuclides, proposed rule, June, 1991. EPA Fact Sheet, Radionuclides in Drinking Water, 570/9-91-700. 

USEPA (1999) United States Environmental Protection Agency, Toxics Release Inventory. Washington DC, USA, Doc. 745-R-00-007 and National Primary Drinking Water Standards, USEPA Office ofWater, Washington, DC, USA, Doc. 810-F, pp. 94-001. 

US Environmental Protection Agency (1999) On-line national primary drinking water standards (EPA 810-F-94-001). US EPA,Washington, DC, (http //www.epa.gov/safewa-ter/md.html)... 

USEPA (1995) National Primary Drinking Water Standards. Office of Water, Washington, DC US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 811-E-95-002-T, EPA 811-F-95-003-T, EPA 811-F-95-004-T. 

USEPA (2001) National primary drinking water standards. United States Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 816-F-01-007, Office of Water, Washington DC, available at www. epa.gov/safewater... 

National Primary Drinking Water Standards and National Secondary Drinking Water Standards. Visit the EPA Web site at http //water.epa.gov/lawsregs/rulesregs/sdwa/curren-tregulations.cfm (accessed October 15, 2010). 

United States Environmental Protection Agency The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued a Maximum Contaminate Level (MCL) of 0.006 mg/L for antimony in their National Primary Drinking Water Standards (USEPA 2009). Common sources of antimony contamination listed in this document include fire retardants, ceramics, solder, electronics, and discharge from petroleum refineries. Release of antimony from degradation of household- and food contact plastics were not included as sources of drinking water contamination. 

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