Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standards

EPA 822-B-OO-OOl, US Environmental Protection Agency, Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories, Office of Water, Washington, DC (2000). 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Drinking Water Standards, http //www.epa.gov/safewater/standards. html... 

Drill, S. Konz, J.H. Mahar Morse, M. The Environmental Lead Problem An Assessment of Lead in Drinking Water from a Multi-Media Perspective, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Criteria and Standards Division, PB-296 566, May 1979. 

The European Parliament and the Council have estabhshed a framework for Community action in the field of water policy, known as the Water Framework Directive. The Drinking Water Directive relates specifically to water intended for human consumption For example, in the United Kingdom the Water Quality Regulations prescribe maximum values for substances that affect wholesomeness and the Drinking Water Inspectorate polices the water companies. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets standards for lap and pubhc water systems under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). 

Today resource limitations have caused the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to reassess schedules for new rules. A 1987 USEPA survey indicated there were approximately 202,000 public water systems in the United States. About 29 percent of these were community water systems, which serve approximately 90 percent of the population. Of the 58,908 community systems that serve about 226 million people, 51,552 were classified as "small" or "very small." Each of these systems at an average serves a population of fewer than 3300 people. The total population served by these systems is approximately 25 million people. These figures provide us with a magnitude of scale in meeting drinking water demands in the United States. Compliance with drinking water standards is not... 

EPA. 2000a. Drinking water standards and health advisories. Office of Water. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 822-B-OO-OO1. 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Health Advisory— An estimate of acceptable drinking water levels for a chemical substance based on health effects information. A health advisory is not a legally enforceable federal standard, but serves as technical guidance to assist federal, state, and local officials. 

Water for injection (WFI) is the most widely used solvent for parenteral preparations. The USP requirements for WFI and purified water have been recently updated to replace the traditional wet and colorimetric analytical methods with the more modern and cost-effective methods of conductivity and total organic carbon. Water for injection must be prepared and stored in a manner to ensure purity and freedom from pyrogens. The most common means of obtaining WFI is by the distillation of deionized water. This is the only method of preparation permitted by the European Pharmacopoeia (EP). In contrast, the USP and the Japanese Pharmacopeias also permit reverse osmosis to be used. The USP has also recently broadened its definition of source water to include not only the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Primary Drinking Water Standards, but also comparable regulations of the European Union or Japan. 

FSTRAC. 1995. Summary of state and federal drinking water standards and guidelines. U S. Environmental Protection Agency. Contaminant Policy and Communications Subcommittee. Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). September 12, 1995. 

FSTRAC. 1990. Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Chemical Communication Subcommittee, Federal and State Toxicology and Regulatory Alliance Committee (FSTRAC), Washington, DC. 

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