Drills and simulations

Second, a facility may have to reach out to a community to share publicly available information on its operations and the associated storage and use of hazardous materials and their risks. The importance of this information is related to land use patterns and the potential for off-site risk. If a facility is remotely situated and the off-site hazards are minimal, then there is less need to inform the public. However, if a facility s property lines border directly on densely populated residential areas and there is significant off-site risk, then the need to share information is great. The facility must educate the public about the risks and associated emergency response procedures, including equipment and techniques for notification, as well as actions they should take to protect themselves. 

A carefully designed and well-written emergency response plan that sits on a shelf is useless. To be effective it must be rehearsed periodically. Rehearsal ensures that all involved personnel and organizations will respond in accordance with the plan and that any defects in the plan will be found and corrected. 

Training and rehearsing can be accomplished in various stages, as described in the following sections. 

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It is important to stress that the above comment is not a criticism of the person involved. After all, no one knows what they will do in an emergency. But the situation does stress the importance of going through drills and simulations so as to maximize the probabilities that coriBct actions will be taken. 

Accurate site investigation data with test drillings and pumping tests are also of importance for modelling and simulations to be used for permit applications. The simulations are used to predict the thermal and hydraulic influences and are used for environmental assessment issues as well as for prediction of potential physical damages caused by the pumping of ground water. 

Drills and exercises may range in scope from table-top simulations of emergency scenarios to a full simulation of an emergency with all potential response groups involved. Fire plans should also be included in these periodic drills. 

Molecules of Life CD-ROM, developed by a talented team of professionals from Purdue University, is a four CD-ROM set that allows the user to visualize key biomolecular structures through interactive animations, simulations, drills and tutorials. The set includes material on (1) Amino acids and Proteins, (2) Carbohydrates and Lipids, (3) Nucleic acids,... 

Regular drills, tests of various program elements, and response capabilities, should be carried out regularly to evaluate response procedures and corrective actions. Alarm tests, simulated drills, and mock exercises with community groups are several testing approaches. Evaluation results and proposed corrective actions must be documented and incorporated into the plan. Involvement of other agencies in the testing drill enhances relations and efficiency of the plan. 

The terms EOR and lOR should refer to reservoir processes. Any practices that are independent of the recovery process itself should not be grouped into either EOR or lOR. Such practices include reservoir characterization, reservoir simulation, use of hardware and equipment (pumps, down-hole separators, etc.), use of special well types (horizontal wells, multilaterals, smart wells, etc.), improved reservoir management, infill drilling, and so on. Oil here means hydrocarbon, including oil and natural gas. 

The results from two and three-dimensional numerical analyses show that fluid-pressure responses observed in the rock mass during TBM drilling of the FEBEX tunnel could not be captured using current estimates of regional stress. It was shown that the measured pressure responses can be captured in both two and three-dimensional simulations if the stress field is rotated such that contraction (compressive strain rate) and corresponding increases in mean stress occur near borehole FEX 95.002 on the side of the drift. From the results of the two-dimensional analysis, it appears that good agreement between measured and simulated evolution of fluid... 

Ayeni, K. and Osisanya, S.O. (2004) Evaluation of conunonly used fluid rheological modek using developed drilling hydraulic simulator. Proceeding of the Sth Canadian International Petroleum Conference, The Petroleum Society Calgary, June 8-10, 2004, paper 2004-039. 

The vast majority of software designed for science education supports facts-and-Hgures instruction. Such software is relatively easy to create, easy to find, and easy to integrate into instraction. There is a role for software that supports fact-and-formula science, just as there is a role for fact-and-formula science. Simulations, tutorials, drill-and-practice, when well-constructed, do work. They lead to improvements in student performance, and some efficiencies in classroom management. 

Glogowski and Castillo [37] used the reverse plate bending test to evaluate cast bronze alloys in paper mill white waters. Rectangular bars with holes drilled to simulate those in suction rolls were tested in accordance with TAPPI Technical Information Paper 0402-08 with simulated white water containing thiosulfate wicked into the holes [33], This test is better than the rotating beam test as a simulation of the fatigue that occurs at suction roU holes, since it incorporates a drilled hole geometry. 

Many different techniques are available for training individuals. In addition to on-the-job training (Section 6.3.1), techniques include drill, demonstration, quizzes, video, reading, and simulation. 

Several base fluids were chosen to simulate the various drilling and sweep fluids utilized in the field (Table 1). A specially processed 100% virgin synthetic monofilament fiber was supplied for this research (Table 2), which was mixed with the base fluids at various concentrations of up to 0.08 % w/w. 

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