Reservoir characterization

Carbonate Reservoir Characterization A Geologic-Engineering Analysis, Part I... 

The interfacial rheologic properties are extremely sensitive parameters toward the chemical composition of immiscible formation liquids [1053]. Therefore comparison and interpretation of the interfacial rheologic properties may contribute significantly to extension of the spectrum of the reservoir characterization, better understanding of the displacement mechanism, development of more profitable enhanced and improved oil-recovery methods, intensification of the surface technologies, optimization of the pipe line transportation, and improvement of the refinery operations [1056]. 

Improved Reservoir Characterization Through Automatic History Matching... 

They performed an extensive case study to demonstrate the use of automatic history matching to reservoir characterization. For example, if the estimated permeability of a particular zone is unrealistically small compared to geological information, there is a good chance that an impermeable barrier is present. Similarly if the estimated porosity of a zone approaches unrealistically high values, chances are the zone of the reservoir should be expanded beyond its current boundary. 

Tan, T.B. and N. Kalogerakis, "Improved Reservoir Characterization Using Automatic History Matching Procedures", J. Can Petr. Technology, 32(6), 26-33 (1993). 

Three different isotope reservoirs characterize the weathering process in ore deposits ... 

Let us similarly consider Zf to be in equilibrium with an external electron reservoir, characterized by its chemical potential pr, (Zf2 Zf2 r), which implies the chemical potential equalization pf = pf = p = pr. The virtual flow of electrons between Zf and r, dN = — d/Vr, gives rise to the associated quadratic energy change ... 

Lake, Larry W., Mark A. Miller and Gary Kocurek, "A Systematic Procedure for Reservoir Characterization," Annual Report, sponsored by the U.S. Department of finergy/Bartlesville Project Office, 1987. 

Taylor T. R. and Soule C. H. (1993) Reservoir characterization and diagenesis of the Oligocene 64-zone sandstone. North Behidge Field, Kern County, CaUfomia. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geologists Bull. 77, 1549—1566. 

Chilingar, G.V., 1964. Relationship between porosity, permeability, and grainsize distribution of sands and sandstones. In Van Straaten, L.M.J.U. (ed.) Deltaic and shallow marine deposits I. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 71-75 Chilingarian, G.V., Mazzullo, S.J. and H.H. Rieke, 1992. Carbonate reservoir characterization a geologic - engineering analysis, part I, Developments in Petroleum Science 30, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 639 pp. 

Andiesen, A., Steen, 0. and Hartz, E. 1994. Fault populations and fault distributions in rotated fault blocks, Traill 0, East Greenland. In Olsen et al. (Editors), Profit Project Summary Reports, Reservoir Characterization, Near Well Flow, pp. 43-59. 

Koestler, A.G. and Milnes, A.G. 1992. The importance of structural reservoir characterization and reservoir mechanics for enhanced oil recovery. In Sadek et al. (Editors), Proc. 1st Conf. on Geology of the Arab World, Cairo, pp. 87-109. 

For an ensemble of systems that are in contact equilibrium with both heat and matter reservoirs characterized by a temperature T and a chemical potential /r, respectively, the probability to find a system with N particles and in the energy level EjN ) is given by... 

Enhanced oil recovery is oil recovery by injection of gases or chemicals and/or thermal energy into the reservoir. It is not restricted to a particular phase, as defined previously, in the producing life of the reservoir. Another term, improved oil recovery (lOR), is also used in the petroleum industry. The terms EOR and lOR have been used loosely and interchangeably at times. Some feel that the two terms are synonymous others feel that lOR covers just about anything, including infill drilling and reservoir characterization. 

The terms EOR and lOR should refer to reservoir processes. Any practices that are independent of the recovery process itself should not be grouped into either EOR or lOR. Such practices include reservoir characterization, reservoir simulation, use of hardware and equipment (pumps, down-hole separators, etc.), use of special well types (horizontal wells, multilaterals, smart wells, etc.), improved reservoir management, infill drilling, and so on. Oil here means hydrocarbon, including oil and natural gas. 

Reservoir Characterization and Production Status The Xing-28 block had 2.05 km, reservoir thickness of 3 m, and original oil in place (OOIP) of 0.96 million tons. It had an anticline structure and a gas cap of 1.08 km with a thickness of 2.6 m. It also had edge water, and the reservoir... 

Hurst, A. (1987) Problems of reservoir characterization in some North Sea sandstone reservoirs solved by the application of microscale geological data. In North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs (Eds Kleppe, J., Berg, E.W., Buller, A.T., Hjelmeland, O. Torsaeter, O.), pp. 153-167. Graham Trotman, London. 

In summary, since the 1970s most of the geochemical research emphasis has been placed on compounds below C40- Whilst compounds above C40 may not have the same degree of structural specificity as the traditional biomarkers, the amount of information available from these compounds could be extremely beneficial in the long term, particularly for reservoir characterization and production purposes and other problems involving high molecular weight hydrocarbons. 

Bhullar, a. G., Karlsen, D. A., Bacbcer-Owe, K., Le Tran, K., Skalnes, E., Berchelmann, H. H. Kittelsen, J. E. 2000. Reservoir characterization by a combined micro-extraction/micro-thin-layer chromatography (iatroscan) method A calibration study with examples from the Norwegian North Sea. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 23, 221-244. 

Dutton, S. P., Flanders, W. A. Barton, M. D. 2003. Reservoir characterization of a Permian deepwater sandstone. East Ford field, Delaware Basin, Texas. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 87, 609-627. 

Parra, J.O., Hackert, C.L., Collier, H., and Bennett, M., 2001. A methodology to integrate magnetic resonance and acoustic measurements for reservoir characterization, Report DOE/BC/ 15203-3, National Petroleum Technology Office, Department of Energy, Tulsa, OK. (www.reservoirgeophysics.swri.edu). 

The turnover time can be seen as the time needed to empty the reservoir if the input happened to stop suddenly and the current output flux were held constant. It provides a first-order idea of the evolution timescale of a reservoir. At steady state (i.e., when input and output fluxes balance each other), the turnover time is equal to the residence time, which is the average time spent by individual atoms of the element in the reservoir. Einally, the response time of a reservoir characterizes the time needed for the reservoir to adjust to a new equilibrium after a perturbation. 

Table I. Flow Chart for Well Log Analysis and Reservoir Characterization... 

This edition includes eighteen selected papers presented in the symposium. These papers are divided in four broad categories (1) Asphaltene Aggregation and Characterization, (2) Theoretical Aspects and Reservoir Characterization, (3) Colloidal Dispersions in Minerals/Petroleum, and (4) Surface Phenomena and Petroleum Recovery. Several mineral and oil recovery processes using various chemicals with special reference to surface phenomena and particle technology are described in these sections. 

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