Drilling mud hydraulics

DRILLING MUD HYDRAULICS Rheological Classification of Drilling Fluids... 

Lummus, James L., Drilling in the Seventies, Part II Analysis of Mud-Hydraulics Interaction, Petroleum Engineer, February 1974. 

A final important class of composite materials is the composite hquids. Composite liquids are highly stmctured fluids based either on particles or droplets in suspension, surfactants, liquid ciystalhne phases, or other macromolecules. A number of composite liquids are essential to the needs of modem industiy and society because they exhibit properties important to special end uses. Examples include lubricants, hydraulic traction fluids, cutting fluids, and oil-drilling muds. Paints, coatings, and adhesives may also be composite liquids. Indeed, composite hquids are valuable in any case where a well-designed liquid state is absolutely essential for proper delivery and action. 

Although the ultimate cause of a blowout is human error to control the hydraulic wellbore pressure with drilling mud, in some cases the failure of the BOP to control the situation also contributed to the incident. The causes of the BOP failures are analyzed below ... 

Air rotary U or C 2000+ M,R,I no drilling mud usually required because of hydraulics associated with this method good for recovery and injection well construction produced fluids require handling (hazardous if NAPL is encountered) Fast cuttings removal rapid poor sample quality diameter limitations formation not plugged with... 

Petroleum production In drilling muds, cementing fluids, hydraulic fracturing fluids, workover fluids, completion fluids, pipeline cleaning fluids, and enhanced recovery fluids... 

Saponified polyacrylate-grafted starches have been designed as drilling-mud additives, hydraulic fluids, and flocculants,2982,3056 PVC gaskets,3057 and components of biodegradable plastics.3058-3060 Such copolymers, either free or as... 

A mechanism to rapidly close and seal off a well borehole, which is used to prevent a well blowout from occurring. It consists of rams and shear rams, usually hydraulically operated, which are fitted at the top of the well being drilled. It is activated if well pressures are encountered that cannot be controlled by the drilling process systems (i.e., drilling mud injection) and could lead to a blowout of the well. 

Drilling mud pressure in the borehole should not exceed that which can be supported by the overburden to prevent heaving or a hydraulic fracturing of the soil (i.e., Frac-ouf). Allowing for a sufficient cover depth helps accomplishes this... 

A mud motor (Fig. 3.17) is a positive displacement hydraulic motor, driven by the circulated drilling fluid. A continuous seal is formed between the body ( stator ) and the... 

Turbo-drilling was pioneered in California in the 1940s. But, it was perfected by the Russians and it is almost standard equipment in Russia. The turbo-drill can be 12 times faster than a rotary. The bit is rotated by the hydraulic power of the mud stream pumped down through a non-rotary pipe. A turbine below the drill pipe converts the hydraulic power of the mud stream into rotary power. 

More rapid drilling (slim holes, optimised bit choice, good hydraulics and mud design) reduces shale exposure time. Since all of the diffusive processes are time-dependent, instability is less commonly observed, and slim holes are inherently easier to drill. However, the hydraulic system must be studies to insure adequate hole cleaning without excessive flow pressure effects (called equivalent circulating density effects in the oil industry). 

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