Drilling safety personnel

Another safety device that is available as part of the cylinder valve is the reduced flow orifice. This orifice is made of a small plug that is installed into the cylinder valve outlet, and has a very small hole drilled through it to limit the flow of gas through the valve. Should the cylinder valve or components downstream of the cylinder develop a leak, the reduced flow orifice would limit the rate of that leak to a lower flow than would occur through the imrestricted cylinder valve outlet. A lower flow leak is more easily handled by safety personnel, ventilation systems, and gas abatement systems. 

Drills offer multiple benefits to the safety of the mine. Deficiencies in the emergency response plan are identified. A drill identifies personnel who have failed to follow through on their responsibilities. A drill also identifies needed changes, if any, in headquarters. 

If drilling and service personnel require accommodation at the well site a camp will need to be constructed. For safety reasons the camp will be located at a distance from the drilling rig and consist of various types of portacabins. For the camp, waste pits will be required, access roads, parking space and drinking water supplies. 

Drilling operations will never be 100% safe for the personnel but the various techniques available in mud logging, MWD and LWD greatly improve the safety on the drill site. 

There are a variety of chemicals that are toxic and used in the drilling fluid makeup. Chromates and asbestos were once commonly used and are now off the market. A mud inventory should be kept for all drilling additives. Included in the inventory are the material safety data sheets (MSDS) that describe each material s pertinent characteristics. The chemicals found on the MSDS sheet should be compared with the priority pollutants and any material should be eliminated if a match is found. The chemicals should also be checked on arrival for breakage and returned to the vendor if defective packaging is found. All mud additives should be housed in a dry area and properly cared for to prevent waste. Chemicals should always be mixed in packaged proportions. Wasted chemicals, ejected to the reserve pit by untrained personnel, can present future liabilities to the operator. 

Offshore facilities are dramatically different from onshore facilities because instead of being spread out the equipment is segregated essentially into compartments or separated into a complex of platforms. Offshore facilities pose critical questions of personnel evacuation and the possibility of total asset destruction if prudent risk assessments are not performed. A through analysis of both life safety and asset protection measures must be undertaken. These analyses should be commensurate with the level of risk a particular facility represents, either in personnel exposed or financial loss. An unmanned wellhead platform might only require the review of wellhead shut-in, flowline protection and platform ship collisions to be effective, while manned drilling and production platforms may require the most extensive analysis. 

Several methods are available for the drilling and installation of monitor wells. The advantages and disadvantages relating to ease of construction, character of formations penetrated, well diameter and depth, risks of contamination, and intended use of the well have been reported by several investigators ( 5, 6, 7). All field personnel should be thoroughly familiar with well specifications, quality assurance/quality control procedures, and safety plans and requirements prior to installation of monitor wells. 

Using a scavenger should not risk the safety and health of personnel or pollute the environment. On the contrary, the scavenger should make drilling in HjS zones safer. 

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Well Site Safety. Containment of a foam drilling fluid into a closed loop system provides a measure of safety that open systems do not allow. Hydrocarbons, acid gases and oxygen depleted air are kept safely away from personnel. Additionally, open foam pits can create a hazard, as they are typically plastic lined pits, that could allow the unknowing person to slip in and possibly suffocate under a blanket of foam. 

While every care is taken to prevent the occurrence of unfortunate incidents such as fire, accidents do happen. In such a situation, the work personnel may become panicky, thus aggravating the case. This can certainly be avoided if the personnel concerned are properly trained in the use of fire fighting equipment and safety appliances and suits being purchased by carrying out regular drills. 

Falls associated with Industry Group 138 include falls from elevated areas of a drilling rig (e.g., slabbing board, monkey board, ladder) fhus, fall arrest and protection systems are important in maintaining the safety of shale gas drilling and operations personnel. 

A means to signal is probably already planned for in general safety and should not vary much, if at all. Methods and equipment available connect with personnel training level and the work environment. Mock exercises or training drills on a regular basis and table-top drills for specific sites are important. 

Offshore ultra deepwater wells are now costing more than 50 million, and some weUs have cost more than 100 million. It is very difficult to justify weUs that cost this much given the risks involved in drilling the unknown. The challenge to the offshore industry is to drill safely and economically, which means technology of economics, with safety, environment, security, and personnel health all playing a large role. 

ABSTRACT Offshore marine operations are conducted in all climatic zones, including stormy and polar areas. All units engaged in such operations require continuous supply of fuel, construction, drilling equipment and provision. Supply operations must he carried out even in very difficult conditions hut safety of personnel and environment is given the highest priority. It can he only achieved hy setting appropriate safety rules. 

Operational solutions involve the development and introduction of appropriate procedures for carrying out risk-critical tasks, as well as improving the effectiveness of personnel in these tasks. Thus safety procedures, safe working practices, contingency plans and safety exercises (drills) can be included. Such solutions address efficiently human error factors and ensure the existence of uniformity of the adopted safety standards. 

The final section on Emergency Respcnse and Ccntrcl discusses training and drills. It is critical that all personnel are trained in the emergency response procedures. Although, as discussed, drills that are too realistic can create serious safety problems, it is important not to have the drills become too routine and predictable. The training should consider the requirements of those crew members who are off duty, and who may be asleep in the Living Quarters. 

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