Dried Drugs

A methanolic extract is prepared, evaporated to dryness and the residue digested with hot water. The glycosides dissolve in the water and the fats, chlorophylls and other lipids remain in the residue. A milder variant is using petrol ether to remove lipids from the methanolic extract. 

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Topical podophyllin is applied once weekly and the area should be allowed to dry. Immediately following treatment, the dried drug should be removed using alcohol or soap and water. Contraindicated in pregnant patients. 

Procedure Place the ash, as described earlier, in a crucible, add 15 ml DW and 10 ml hydrochloric acid (- 11.5 N), cover with a watch-glass, boil for 10 minutes and allow to cool. Collect the insoluble matter on an ashless filtre paper, wash with hot DW until the filtrate is neutral, dry, ignite to dull redness, allow to cool in a desiccator and weigh. Repeat until the difference between two successive weighings is not more than 1 mg. Calculate the percentage of acid-insoluble ash with reference to the air-dried drug. 

Pentazocine is identified according to USP XX by use of infrared or ultraviolet spectrophotometric methods. In the first a dispersion in KBr of the dried drug exhibits maxima only at the same wavelengths as a similar preparation of USP Pentazocine Reference Standard. In the ultraviolet method a 1 in 12,500 solution of pentazocine in 0.01 N HC1 exhibits maxima and minima at the same wavelengths as reference standard. Calculated absorbances at 2 8 nm of dried drug and standard do not differ by more than 3.0 % (3). 

Epithema Epithema consists or topical applications other than ointments or plasters. Liquid epithema include fomentations, soft epithema include cataplasms, and dry epithema include bags filled with dried drugs. ° ... 

Kearney, P. Wong, S.K. Method for Making Freeze Dried Drug Dosage Forms. US Patent 5,631,023, May 20, 1997. 

Zhou and co-workers at Eli Lilly and Company developed a NIRS method to determine moisture content in a freeze-dried drug product using gas chromatography (GC) as the reference method. A standard error of prediction (SEP) as low as 0.07%w/w was obtained using the NIR method in the range of 0.1-5.7% water. At very low water levels, the workers found the GC method to be more precise than the NIR method. 

INVESTIGATION OF THE TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON IN VITRO DISSOLUTION OF SPRAY DRIED DRUG PRODUCT SIZE... 

The physical characteristics of final dosage forms such as texture (porosity and surface area) and particle size distribution can affect the dissolution rate, and therefore the bioavailability of the product. It is common to see an increase in particle size when scaling up, therefore to anticipate the in vitro release profiles for a Spray Dried Drug Product (SDDP) manufactured at a larger scale, we have evaluated the influence of particle size and texture on dissolution in the case of a laboratory scale SDDP. 

In order to anticipate possible changes in in vitro dissolution profiles of a Spray Dried Drug Product (SDDP) manufactured at a larger scale, we have evaluated the influence of particle size and texture on dissolution of three size fractions manufactured at laboratory scale. 

Investigation of the textural characteristics and their impact on in vitro dissolution of spray dried drug product size fractions... 

Corrigan O. Physicochemical properties of spray dried drugs phenobarbitone and hydroflumethiazide. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1983 9 1. 

The quality of caraway fruits used in pharmaceutical and food industry is given one of the main criteria - the essential oil content and D-carvone content, respectively. The amount of caraway processed in the pharmaceutical industry reaches 10 - 15 % of total caraway production (Sedlakova et al., 2001). The minimal limit of the essential oil (30 ml.kg"1 of dried drug) and D-carvone content in the essential oils required by the Czech Pharmacopoeia is 50 % (2006). Also, according to European Pharmacopoeia (6th Ed) caraway fruits contain not less than 30 ml.kg 1 of essential oil in dried drug. The specification in the application for designation of origin (PDO) for Czech caraway requires also minimum of 50 % of D-carvone. The steam distillation at Clavenger apparatus and GC methods are required for the assessment by the several standards. Table 6 describes the essential oil content of Czech caraway varieties. 

Indapamide may be determined by a quantitative nun-aqueous titration in acetone. An indapamide solution is prepared by weighing 180 mg of previously dried drug substance in 30.0 mL of acetone. The solution is titrated potent iomet.rically with standardized 0.1 N... 

Powdered drug.s are used for extraction e.g. medium-fine powder corresponds to mesh size 300. Sample weights quoted for drug extraction refer to the dried drug. 

The quantity of thebaine in P. bracteatum depends on the period of ripening and on the part of the plant. The largest quantity was found in the roots (0.5-1.0%/weight of dry drug) and in the poppy heads (0.23-1.40%) (849). Bohm studied the content of morphinane alkaloids (thebaine, oripavine, and codeine/morphine) in hybrids obtained by hybridization between P. somniferum, P. bracteatum, P. orientale, and P. pseudoorientale and their dependence upon the genetic milieu (847). 

Steam distillation. Chamomile essential oil was isolated by steam distillation. Hydro distillation lasted for 2 h into n-hexane, sample weights were 2 g of dry drug matter. The modified distillation apparatus by Coocking and Middleton was used [6]. 

Kearney BP, Sayre JE Flahaly IF, Chen S-S, Kaul S, Cheng Dri -drug and drug-food interactions between tenofovir disoproxil fumamte and didanosine J Clin Pharmacol (2005) 45,1360-7. 

Figure 16 Thermally stimulated current analysis of a freeze-dried drug. Lower curve polarisation current. Upper curve depolarisation current. Heating rate 7°C min for both experiments...

S. A-G occur in the leaves and fruits of Cassia species (C. senna, C. angustifolia, Fabaceae) and in rhubarb roots, sometimes as oxalyl derivatives (senno-sides E, F). S. are mostly formed from the corresponding anthrone glycosides when the senna leaves are dried. Drugs containing S. are used in therapy for acute constipation (see table, p. 581). 

Another approach for creating integrated microfluidic devices for medical diagnostics is to create a device for the reconstitution (hydration) of a lyophilized (freeze-dried) drug solution, followed by dilution and delivery into a patient at a constant rate. Such a system could utilize freeze-dried antibiotics, analgesics, or insulin for treating a diabetic patient as described in Liepmann et al. [5]. This system. 

Lu et al. used 7-irradiation (10 kGy) to sterilize freeze-dried drug-loaded SLN but the influence on stability was not investigated in detail and further studies of the physical and chemical stability of SLN dispersions are necessary to evaluate the feasibility of sterilization by irradiation. It should be kept in mind that sterilization of liposomes by 7-irradiation with the regular dose of 25 kGy is not recommended due to its too destructive effects on the liposome dispersions. ... 

Note According to the Chinese Pharmacopeia 2010 Cortex Fraxini contains not less than 1.0% of the total amount of esculin and esculetin, calculated with reference to the dried drug. 

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