Drug extracts

Spray-dried extract The solutions containing the drug extracts, which are sprayed through a nozzle, sink in the form of fine droplets in the current of warm air, losing their moisture and reaching the separator as dry and hollow pellets of extract which can be recognized with a hand lens. The spray-... 

Tn comparing the content of drug extract in the final product, teas in granule form are usually very much inferior to instant teas which arc prepared from spray-dried extracts teas in granular form, in addition to 97 -98% filler and carrier substances often contain only 2-3% dry extract, while in spray-dried products almost ten times as much, viz on average 20%, drug extract is present. 

Self-Test E.1A A sample of a drug extracted from a fruit used by the Achuar Jivaro people of Peru to treat fungal infections is found to contain 2.58 X 1024 oxygen atoms. What is the chemical amount (in moles) of O atoms in the sample ... 

Data from Wenlock et al. [44]. Mean values for marketed oral drugs extracted from PDR. Data from Vieth et al. [70]. Mean values for a compilation of marketed oral drugs from various sources. 

Reserpine A drug extracted from Rauwolfia serpentina which was once clinically used in the treatment of essential hypertension and schizophrenia. 

Thummel, K. E., Kunze, K. L., Shen, D. D., Enzyme catalysed processes of first-pass hepatic and intestinal drug extraction, Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 1997,... 

Fig. 14.13. Chromatograms showing single and comprehensive two-dimensional GC of drugs extracted from urine. (A) GC-FID chromatogram, (B) Pulsed GcxGC chromatogram (C) GCxGC contour plot. Adapted with permission from Ref. [15, Fig. 14.3]. Complete details on separation conditions and analyte identity can be found in the original paper.

Vegetable drug extracts may be softened with alcohol before they are incorporated into ointment bases. 

These units give many ideal stages, run continuously and take up a minimum space. For these reasons they have been adopted in many drug extractions, though they are unsuitable for medium or large throughputs. 

Ghen X-H, Franke J-P, Wijsbeek J, de Zeeuw RA. 1994. Determination of basic drugs extracted from biological matrices by means of solid-phase extraction and wide-bore capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. 

A buffer is a solution that helps to maintain a reasonably constant pH environment by countering the effects of added acids or bases. They are used extensively for the handling of biochemicals, especially enzymes, as well as in chromatography and drug extractions. 

Kubo, M., H. Matsuda, M. Fukui, and Y. Nakai. Development studies of cuticle drugs from natural resources. I. Effects of crude drugs extracts on hair growth in mice. Yakugaku Zasshi 1988 108(10) 871-978. 

Yokozawa, T., H. Oura, M. Hattori, M. Iwano, and K. Dohi. Effect of wen-pi-tang and its crude drug extracts on proliferation of cultured mouse mesangial cells. Phytother Res 1994 8(3) 170-173. 

Nomura. Studies on the mutagenicity ZO250 of crude drug extracts. 1. Yakugaku Zasshi 1982 102 596-601. 

Z0348 Sakai, K., N. Oshima, T. Kutsuna, et al. Pharmaceutical studies on crude drugs. 1. Effect of Zingiberaceae crude drug extracts on sulfaguanidine ab-... 

Figure 10.6 The antitumoral camptothecin (CPT), a lipophilic drug extracted from the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata, can be incorporated into the liposome bilayer due to its lipophilic character. The CPT-containing liposomes are studied as antitumor drug formulations. (Modified from Stano et al 2004.)...

The above findings have lead to the further exploration of the algorithms for the optimisation of drug extraction, the results of which have been presented in Section 7.2. 

In addition, residues of corticosteroids can be cleaned up through application of a three-phase liquid-liquid partition system consisting of acetonitrile, hexane, and dichloromethane. Since its inception, this procedure has been used successfully to perform a fast, crude fractionation of tissue components and drugs extracted from tissue homogenates into the aqueous acetonitrile supernatant. Non-... 

AnaLig sorbents, with predetermined molecular recognition chemistry for specific ions, using immobilized macrocycles Pb from fresh and seawater, Cu, Ni from drug extract, Fe, NI from petroleum, Hg from water 111... 

Urine samples collected from two human subjects, prior to (minus 24 to 0 hours) and after (plus 2 to 6 hours) oral administration of 30 mg A9-THC, were hydrolyzed and extracted as described in the experimental section. Pre- and post-drug extracts corresponding to equivalent urinary creatinine levels were separated by reverse phase HPLC. The pre-drug extract was used as a... 

A peak was observed coincident with the A9-THC retention time in the post-drug extract chromatogram. 

A peak was observed in the cannabinoid region of the post-drug extract which had a CBN-type ratio of 2. The region was clear in the pre-drug extract. The peak retention time did not match any of the available standards. Its elution time suggests that it is less polar than 88-OHA9-THC and slightly more polar than CBD.1... 

As was the case in the post-drug extract of subject 1, a peak with a CBN-class absorbance ratio of 2 was observed in the cannabinoid elution region of subject 2. Its elution region was blank in the pre-drug urine. The retention time again suggests a compound slightly more polar than CBD. 

A peak was observed coincident with the retention time of A 9-THC-ll-oic acid, having an absorbance ratio of 26-32 in the post-drug extract. Its elution area was blank in the pre-drug chromatogram. 

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