Hydro-distillation

Steam distillation. Chamomile essential oil was isolated by steam distillation. Hydro distillation lasted for 2 h into n-hexane, sample weights were 2 g of dry drag matter. The modified distillation apparatus by Coocking and Middleton was used [6]. 

Lucchesi, M.E., F. Chemat, and J. Smadja. 2004. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essentials oil from aromatic herbs Comparison with conventional hydro-distillation. J. Chromatogr. A 1043 323-327. 

Analysis of the essential oil content of seeds of certain cultivars, harvested at various stages of maturity and extracted by hydro-distillation from seeds that had been ground either in a pestle and mortar or a blender, indicated that the maximum yield of essential oil was obtained from ripening seeds (50% turning yellow). The use of a blender also increased the essential oil yield (Sanjeev et al., 1994). 

A very special case is the production of the essential oils of ylang-ylang from the fresh owers of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. et Thomson forma genuina. The hydro-distillation process is started and after a certain time the obtained oil is saved. With ongoing distillation, this procedure is repeated three times to achieve at least four separate fractions. The chemical composition of the rst... 

Jimenez Carmona, M.M., Ubera, J.L., and Luque de Castro, M.D. 1999. Composition of continuous subcritical water extraction and hydro-distillation of marjoram essential oil. J. 

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