Domain pattern

Fig. 8. Principle of the magnetooptical read-out of domain patterns by the polar Kerr effect. The polarisation plane of the incoming laser beam is rotated clock- or counterclockwise according to the orientation (up or down) of the magnetic moments.

Maps of the remanent magnetic domain pattern in the near-surfiice region of magnetic material and thin films can be made routinely. 

Figure 6 Scanning Karr image of the magnetization changes in the indirection for a thin-film head having a 1-MHz, 5-mA p-p coil current, and the magnetic domain pattern deduced for this head from the observed domain wall motion. ...

The structures of electroplated hard alloys have been less extensively studied than those of similar electrolessly deposited materials. Sallo and co-workers [118-120] have investigated the relationship between the structure and the magnetic properties of CoP and CoNiP electrodeposits. The structures and domain patterns were different for deposits with different ranges of coercivity. The lower-f/c materials formed lamellar structures with the easy axis of magnetization in the plane of the film. The high-Hc deposits, on the other hand, had a rod-like structure, and shape anisotropy may have contributed to the high coercivity. The platelets and rods are presumed to be isolated by a thin layer of a nonmagnetic material. 

Golden rule. Wherever possible, let your design reflect the model of the problem domain (Pattern 6.1, The OO Golden Rule (Seamlessness or Continuity) (p.307)). This makes it much easier to bridge the gap from business models to implementations. 

Macro domains of micrometer size have been reported when using an ordinary microscope. The typical procedure is to use 2% of a fluorescent lipid analog, which renders visible a domain pattern. This, of course, assumes that the fluorescence moiety has no effect on the assembly structure. There is (generally) no information about the thickness of the domains. The shapes of domains are varied, and very complex (circular or near-circular domains, parallel stripes, or more irregular, wormlike, or similar kinds of structures). 

FIGURE 9.4 (a) Domain patterns for a single crystal of iron containing 3.8% of silicon. The white lines illustrate the boundaries between the domains. 

From R.Eisberg and R.Resnick (1985) Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and Particles, John Wiley, New York. Courtesy of H.J.Williams, Bell Telephone Laboratories.) (b) magnetic domain patterns on the surface of an individual crystal of iron. (From W.J.Moore (1967) Seven Solid States,... 

Fig. 130. Maze domain pattern of the particulate Fe304 film deposited on one side of a GMO BLM [795]...

Fig. 2.53 Computer simulation results, using lime-dependent Ginzburg-Landau dynamics, of a lattice model of an asymmetric copolymer forming a hex phase subject to a step-shear along the horizontal axis (Ohta et al. 1993), The evolution of the domain pattern after the application of the step-shear is shown, (a) t = 1 (the pattern immediately after the shear is applied) (b) t = 5000 (c) t = 10000 (d) t = 15 000. The time-scale corresponds to the characteristic time for motion of an individual chain, t = R M. 

Figure 1.20 Scheme of domain pattern of fine grained BaTiC>3 ceramic (left) and coarse grained BaTiC>3 ceramic (right)... 

Figure 12.1 Domain pattern in an individual PZT grain (a) sample topography (total z-scale 10 nm, (b) reconstruction of domain pattern, (c) out-of-plane polarization (OPP) components, and (d) in-plane polarization (IPP) components. Lamellar 90° domain pattern are clearly visible in (c) also revealing domain inversion well inside the grain.

Figure 16.3 Images of a PZT film on a SrTiOs substrate, (a) Domain patterns by SNDM, (b) surface morphology by AFM.

The strip shape domain pattern is seen in Figure 16.5. Figure 16.5 (b) is a cross sectional image taken along line A-A in Figure 16.5 (a). From the distance between the clearly distinguishable structures in the image, it is apparent that sndm has sub-nanometer resolution. 

Figure 16.6 Macroscopic surface topography and domain pattern taken from an epitaxial PZT...

Figure 16.8 Simultaneously taken images of a PZT film, (a) Schematic domain structure (b) Topography by AFM, (c) domain patterns by SNDM, and (d) domain patterns by SFM (piezoimaging).

Figure 16.27 Images of the inverted domain pattern formed in CLT with density of (a) 0.62Tbit/inch2 (b) 1.10Tbit/inch2 (c) 1.50Tbit/inch2.

Although devoid of alkyl chains, [7]H on Cu(lll) forms, similar to 9,10-iodo-octadecanol and the anthracene derivative shown in Fig. 28a, a racemic lattice structure. Conglomerate formation was initially concluded from LEED, because the mirror domain pattern observed for the racemate was identical to the superimposed patterns of the pure enantiomers [92]. STM images, however, delivered different lattice structures for the mirror domains of the racemate and the pure enantiomers [93]. High-resolution STM and MMC finally showed that the enantiomorphous domains are racemic [88]. We will return to this system in more detail in Sect. 4. 

Figure 4 Scanning tunneling microscope image of a nearly defect-free Ge(00 1) showing the well-ordered c(4 x 2) - (2 x 1) domain pattern. Scan area is 40 x 40 nm2. Sample bias is —1.6V and tunneling current 1 nA. The inset shows the strong buckling near an SA step edge.

The answer to this question is not known. However, homology-based molecular cloning techniques have led to the identification of literally hundreds of these receptors each of which conforms to the seven transmembrane domain pattern. The function of many of these receptors and their ligands are unknown such receptors are referred to as orphan receptors. Similarly, there is a considerable diversity of G-proteins. In particular, over 30 different a-subunit types have been described. 

---