Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

White line

By choosing the proper correlation algorithm, it is possible to realise sensitive filters for other types of defects (e.g. corrosion). Fig. 5.2 shows an example for the suppression of signals which do not exhibit the expected defect stmcture (Two parallel white lines near upper central rim portion of Fig. 5.2). The largest improvement in SNR is obtained here by using the expression (ai ai+x /ai+yj), since for a gradiometric excitation, one expects the crack response to show two maxima (a, aj+x) with a minimum (a m) in the centre (see Fig. 5.3). [Pg.262]

Schematic illustration of K, L, M, N and O edge shapes the white lines sometimes detected on L and M shells are shown as shaded peaks at the edge onsets. In all sketches the background shape has been omitted for clarity. Schematic illustration of K, L, M, N and O edge shapes the white lines sometimes detected on L and M shells are shown as shaded peaks at the edge onsets. In all sketches the background shape has been omitted for clarity.
Fig. 2. (a) (b) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of as-grown VGCFs (broken portion) with the PCNT core exposed field emission-type scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) image of (c) as-grown and (d) heat-treated VGCFs (broken portion) at 2800°C with PCNT (white line) exposed [20],... [Pg.146]

Figure 13.15 The structure of the oxocation [Bie-(OH)i2l the white lines indicate geometry but do not imply Bi-Bi bonds (see text). Figure 13.15 The structure of the oxocation [Bie-(OH)i2l the white lines indicate geometry but do not imply Bi-Bi bonds (see text).
The XANES spectra of Se, Ss, Sio, S12, S14 [222] and polymeric sulfur [223, 224] are all very similar as far as the peak positions are concerned but the relative intensities of the two peaks differ considerably. The spectra are characterized by an absorption line at 2471.7 eV (so-called white line) and a broad absorption in the region 2477-2480 eV [222] see Fig. 35 (energies calibrated to the white line of ZnS04 defined as 2481.4 eV). Since the spectra of the components of a mixture are additive, quantitative analyses are possible, even for mixtures of samples as similar as Ss and polymeric sulfur, for instance [224]. The interpretation of the spectra is, however, still somewhat controversial see [225]. [Pg.92]

Fig. 26 Tapping-mode AFM images of fibrils on mica left) and corresponding height profiles (across the white lines in the AFM images) right), (a) PEG-[(AG)3EG]io-PEG, (b) PEG-[(AG)3EG]2o-PEG. (c) Proposed (3-sheet fibril packing. Reproduced with permission from Smeenk et al. [69]. Copyright Wiley-VCH... Fig. 26 Tapping-mode AFM images of fibrils on mica left) and corresponding height profiles (across the white lines in the AFM images) right), (a) PEG-[(AG)3EG]io-PEG, (b) PEG-[(AG)3EG]2o-PEG. (c) Proposed (3-sheet fibril packing. Reproduced with permission from Smeenk et al. [69]. Copyright Wiley-VCH...
Given the modest change in the W Liii white line, we had reason to believe that the bulk properties of the WO3 were hardly affected. In fact, the monitoring of the W Lj edges confirmed this idea. The two extreme cases, the fully oxidized WZ and PtWZ(acac) after reduction at 723 K, are compared to three different reference materials. [Pg.549]

Fig. 5.5.14 Schematic diagram showing how the double-phase encoded DEPT sequence achieves both spatial and spectral resolution within the reactor, (a) A spin-echo ]H 2D image taken through the column overlayed with a grid showing the spatial location within the column of the two orthogonal phase encoded planes (z and x) used in the modified DEPT sequence. The resulting data set is a zx image with a projection along y. In-plane spatial resol-ution is 156 [Am (z) x 141 [xm (x) for a 3-mm slice thickness. The center of each volume from which the data have been acquired is identified by the intersection of the white lines. The arrow indicates the direction of flow. Fig. 5.5.14 Schematic diagram showing how the double-phase encoded DEPT sequence achieves both spatial and spectral resolution within the reactor, (a) A spin-echo ]H 2D image taken through the column overlayed with a grid showing the spatial location within the column of the two orthogonal phase encoded planes (z and x) used in the modified DEPT sequence. The resulting data set is a zx image with a projection along y. In-plane spatial resol-ution is 156 [Am (z) x 141 [xm (x) for a 3-mm slice thickness. The center of each volume from which the data have been acquired is identified by the intersection of the white lines. The arrow indicates the direction of flow.
Fig. 23. (a) X-t scan of an STM for Au(100) in 0.05 M H2SO4 + 0.4 mM CuS04 after stepping the potential from +500 mV to -250 mV vs. SCE (see arrow). The picture is shown in the differential mode (shaded) for a better contrast, (b) Cross section along the white line to-ti. The first ten copper layers (including the upd) form a smooth film on the substrate. With the deposition of the eleventh layer a striped structure appears, which is maintained during further deposition [78],... [Pg.135]

Turning to the XANES results (Figure 8.4), upon reduction at 350°C, the extent of reduction is found to be higher for the H2-activated air calcined catalysts. This is evident in the shoulder at the edge (-7,709 eV), which is a measure of metallic content, as well as the lower white line intensity for the activated air calcined catalyst at -7,725 eV. The catalysts appear to contain a combination of mainly Co metal and CoO, in agreement with the interpretation of TPR profiles previously discussed. [Pg.155]

Signs Initially, leaves may have a thin white line but eventually become slightly yellowed (chlorotic). The vascular tissue is damaged and leaves begin to die from the edges towards the midrib, ultimately resulting in plant death. It has the capacity to destroy whole fields in a few months. ... [Pg.519]

Fig. 3.8 Comparison of the picket-fence optimized structure (black line) with the X-ray structure (white line). Fig. 3.8 Comparison of the picket-fence optimized structure (black line) with the X-ray structure (white line).
Figure 9.6 Adiabatic potential-energy surface for the Fe2+/Fe3+ reaction the original figure from [7] has been changed slightly for greater clarity. Dark regions correspond to low energies. The reaction path is indicated by the dashed white line. Figure 9.6 Adiabatic potential-energy surface for the Fe2+/Fe3+ reaction the original figure from [7] has been changed slightly for greater clarity. Dark regions correspond to low energies. The reaction path is indicated by the dashed white line.
Hayes, R.A., Richardson, B.J., Claus, S.C. and Wyllie, S.G. (2002) Semiochemicals and social signalling in the wild European rabbit in Australia II. Variations in chemical composition of chin gland secretion across sampling sites. J. Chem. Ecol. 28, 2613-2625 Heckel, G., Voigt, C.C., Mayer, F. and von Helversen, O. (1999) Extra-harem paternity in the white-lined bat Saccopteryx bilineata. Behaviour 136, 1173-1185... [Pg.159]

Tannenbaum, R. (1975) Reproductive strategies in the white-lined bat. PhD Thesis, Cornell University... [Pg.160]

Figure 6. STM images of hexaether 41 adsorbed on Cu(111) and heated for 10-15 min to temperatures of (a) 570 K, (b) 620 K), (c) 670 K, and (d) 720 K. The line profiles on the right were taken along the white lines indicated in the images. The decrease of the height with increasing temperatures is strong evidence for the stepwise planarization of 41 and formation of the fully fused HBC structure. Figure 6. STM images of hexaether 41 adsorbed on Cu(111) and heated for 10-15 min to temperatures of (a) 570 K, (b) 620 K), (c) 670 K, and (d) 720 K. The line profiles on the right were taken along the white lines indicated in the images. The decrease of the height with increasing temperatures is strong evidence for the stepwise planarization of 41 and formation of the fully fused HBC structure.
Fig. 16 2-D map of 13C DEPT-MRI spectra recorded along the length of a trickle bed. Separate acquisitions were made for each of the (a) olefinic and (b) aliphatic regions of the spectrum. The data were acquired with the bed operating at steady state for gas and 1-octene flow rates of 32 and 1.0 ml min-1, respectively. The white, horizontal lines indicate the limits of the catalyst packing. Below each 2-D map, the 1-D 13C DEPT NMR spectrum recorded at an axial location just before the reactants reach the catalyst (just above the upper white line) is shown. The peaks at 114 and 139 ppm indicate that only unreacted 1-octene exists within the bed at this location, as expected. [Pg.304]

Fig. 12.9 Graphene-oxide-based mesoporous silica (GM-silica) sheets, (a) Fabrication process for GM-silica sheets, (b), (c) Typical SEM and (d), (e) TEM images reveal the flat GM-silica sheets with sizes from 200 nm to several micrometers having a mesoporous structure, (f) Representative atomic force microscopy image and (g) corresponding thickness analysis taken around the white line in (f) reveal a uniform thickness of 28 nm for GM-silica sheets. Reprinted with permission from [90]. Copyright 2010, John Wiley 8i Sons, Inc. Fig. 12.9 Graphene-oxide-based mesoporous silica (GM-silica) sheets, (a) Fabrication process for GM-silica sheets, (b), (c) Typical SEM and (d), (e) TEM images reveal the flat GM-silica sheets with sizes from 200 nm to several micrometers having a mesoporous structure, (f) Representative atomic force microscopy image and (g) corresponding thickness analysis taken around the white line in (f) reveal a uniform thickness of 28 nm for GM-silica sheets. Reprinted with permission from [90]. Copyright 2010, John Wiley 8i Sons, Inc.
Fig. 5.12 Two different 3-D representations of the phase diagram of 3-methylpyridine plus wa-ter(H/D). (a) T-P-x(3-MP) for three different H2O/D2O concentration ratios. The inner ellipse (light gray) and corresponding critical curves hold for (0 < W(D20)/wt% < 17). Intermediate ellipses stand for (17(D20)/wt% < 21), and the outer ellipses hold for (21(D20)/wt% < 100. There are four types of critical lines, and all extrema on these lines correspond to double critical points, (b) Phase diagram at approximately constant critical concentration 3-MP (x 0.08) showing the evolution of the diagram as the deuterium content of the solvent varies. The white line is the locus of temperature double critical points whose extrema (+) corresponds to the quadruple critical point. Note both diagrams include portions at negative pressure (Visak, Z. P., Rebelo, L. P. N. and Szydlowski, J. J. Phys. Chem. B. 107, 9837 (2003))... Fig. 5.12 Two different 3-D representations of the phase diagram of 3-methylpyridine plus wa-ter(H/D). (a) T-P-x(3-MP) for three different H2O/D2O concentration ratios. The inner ellipse (light gray) and corresponding critical curves hold for (0 < W(D20)/wt% < 17). Intermediate ellipses stand for (17(D20)/wt% < 21), and the outer ellipses hold for (21(D20)/wt% < 100. There are four types of critical lines, and all extrema on these lines correspond to double critical points, (b) Phase diagram at approximately constant critical concentration 3-MP (x 0.08) showing the evolution of the diagram as the deuterium content of the solvent varies. The white line is the locus of temperature double critical points whose extrema (+) corresponds to the quadruple critical point. Note both diagrams include portions at negative pressure (Visak, Z. P., Rebelo, L. P. N. and Szydlowski, J. J. Phys. Chem. B. 107, 9837 (2003))...

See other pages where White line is mentioned: [Pg.460]    [Pg.142]    [Pg.59]    [Pg.60]    [Pg.179]    [Pg.533]    [Pg.286]    [Pg.370]    [Pg.450]    [Pg.467]    [Pg.545]    [Pg.549]    [Pg.51]    [Pg.404]    [Pg.537]    [Pg.210]    [Pg.154]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.277]    [Pg.301]    [Pg.159]    [Pg.88]    [Pg.127]    [Pg.130]    [Pg.131]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.163]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.114]    [Pg.303]    [Pg.152]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.142 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.34 , Pg.221 , Pg.222 , Pg.230 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.221 , Pg.222 , Pg.230 , Pg.240 , Pg.252 , Pg.261 , Pg.266 , Pg.270 , Pg.274 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.150 , Pg.215 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.100 , Pg.103 , Pg.106 , Pg.108 , Pg.125 ]




SEARCH



White lines area changes

White lines definition

White lines extraction

White-line emission

White-line ratio

© 2024 chempedia.info